王丹丹

DOI：10.16661/j.cnki.1672-3791.2104-5042-2819

摘  要：新疆塔里木河是中国最长的内流河，对新疆的水土养护、自然生态系统意义重大，并且关系到中华民族的永续发展。目前，塔里木河西段受自然因素和人为因素的影响，自然生态系统受损严重，迫切需要开展水土治理修复，建设生态环境保护屏障。受塔克拉玛干沙漠的影响，在塔里木河西段建设防风固沙林，对周边区域环境的改善十分有利，可以建立荒漠化防治重要生态功能区，依托塔里木河西段的天然水源，向周边区域辐射，对改善及保护区域生态环境有重大意义;对塔里木河西段沿岸进行水土整治，能给该区域发展的生态环境效益方面、经济效益方面和社会效益方面带来益处。

关键词：塔里木河  水土整治  区域发展  效益

中图分类号：S157                              文献标识码：A文章编号：1672-3791（2021）03（b）-0069-03

Analysis on the Necessity of Soil and Water Regulation along the West Section of the Tarim River

WANG  Dandan

（Weibei Branch of Shanxi Provincial Land Engineering Construction Group Co.， Ltd.， Xi'an， Shaanxi Province， 710075  China）

Abstract： The Tarim River in Xinjiang is the longest inland river in China. It is of great significance to Xinjiang's water and soil conservation and natural ecosystems， and is related to the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. At present， the western section of the Tarim River is affected by natural and man-made factors， and the natural ecosystem is seriously damaged. It is urgent to carry out water and soil management and restoration， and to build an ecological environmental protection barrier. Affected by the Taklimakan Desert， the construction of a windbreak and sand-fixing forest in the western section of the Tarim River is very beneficial to the improvement of the surrounding area. An important ecological function zone for desertification prevention and control can be established. Relying on the natural water source in the western section of the Tarim River， it radiates to the surrounding area， which is useful for improving and protecting the area the ecological environment is of great significance. The improvement of water and soil along the western section of the Tarim River can bring benefits to the development of the region in terms of ecological and environmental benefits， economic benefits and social benefits.

Key Words： Tarim River; Water and soil improvement; Regional development; Beneficial result

塔里木河自西向東绕塔克拉玛干大沙漠贯穿塔里木盆地，塔里木河流域地理坐标为东经71°39''～93°45''、北纬34°20''～43°39''之间，北倚天山，西临帕米尔高原，南靠昆仑山、阿尔金山，三面高山耸立，地势西高东低。山区以下分为山麓砾漠带、冲洪积平原绿洲带、塔克拉玛干沙漠区。塔里木河西段位于新疆喀什地区境内，河流沿岸地貌景观主要为盐土荒漠和沙丘，其上游地貌主要是河滩—阶地—高岗地—谷地，包括莎车—泽普和叶城绿洲，中游为I-II级阶地，下游为河滩平原，多盐渍土。塔里木河是喀什地区主要的流经河流，是该地区重要的水资源。喀什地区紧邻塔克拉玛干沙漠，气候条件干旱缺水，生态环境比较恶劣，人口居住地和农牧业发展的地方比较集中，生态系统的自我维持能力受到外界干扰后修复能力不强，敏感性和不稳定性较突出。……