魏露　朱明芳

〔摘要〕 目的 观察桉叶油对金黄地鼠皮脂腺斑的影响，探讨外用桉叶油乳膏治疗痤疮的机制。方法 将24只雄性金黄地鼠随机分为空白组、基质组、桉叶油乳膏组、阳性对照组，每组6只，分别于双侧皮脂腺斑处涂抹蒸馏水、基质、桉叶油乳膏、0.025%维A酸乳膏，连续给药4周后，观察各组金黄地鼠皮脂腺斑面积变化及组织病理学改变。结果 给药后，与空白组、基质组相比，各治疗组金黄地鼠同侧皮脂腺斑面积均减小，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），同時皮脂腺厚度减少，腺体萎缩，腺叶数量减少，排列疏松;与阳性对照组相比，桉油乳膏组右侧皮脂腺斑的面积缩小，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），同时皮脂腺腺体较小，排列松散。结论 桉叶油能有效抑制皮脂腺增生，可能是其治疗痤疮的作用机制之一。

〔关键词〕 皮脂腺斑;痤疮;桉叶油;金黄地鼠

〔中图分类号〕R285.5       〔文献标志码〕A       〔文章编号〕doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.03.006

〔Abstract〕 Objective To observe the effect of eucalyptus oil on sebaceous gland spots in golden hamsters， and explore the mechanism of external use of eucalyptus oil cream in the treatment of acne. Methods 24 male golden hamsters were randomly divided into blank group， matrix group， eucalyptus oil cream group and positive control group， with 6 rats in each group. Distilled water， matrix， eucalyptus oil cream and 0.025% vitamin A cream were applied to bilateral sebaceous gland spots. After continuous treatment for 4 weeks， the change of sebaceous gland spots area of golden hamster in each group and histopathological changes were observed. Results After administration， compared with blank group and matrix group， the ipsilateral sebaceous plaque area of golden hamsters in each treatment group decreased， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. At the same time， the thickness of sebaceous gland spots decreased， the gland atrophic， the number of glandular leaves decreased， and the arrangement was loose. Compared with the positive control group， the area of sebaceous spots on the right side of the eucalyptus oil cream group was reduced， and the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Meanwhile， the sebaceous gland spots were small and loosely arranged. Conclusion Eucalyptus oil can effectively inhibit sebaceous gland spots hyperplasia， which may be one of the mechanisms of acne treatment.

〔Keywords〕 eucalyptus oil; acne; golden hamsters; sebaceous gland spots

痤疮是多因素介导的毛囊皮脂腺单位的慢性炎症性皮肤病，多发生于油性皮肤[1]。由于发病率高、局部疼痛和永久性疤痕的产生，对患者的社交、心理健康造成了极大的影响。调查显示，痤疮患者的依从性及治疗满意度并不理想[2]。目前尚无理想药物满足临床需求，因此，寻找疗效确切、安全性高的药物，是皮肤科同道共同努力的方向。桉叶油是桃金娘科植物蓝桉、樟科植物樟或是上述两科同属其他植物经水蒸气蒸馏得到的挥发油，有特殊的芳香气味。桉叶油具有抗菌、抗氧化、保湿、修复皮肤屏障、促渗、杀虫及防腐等作用[3-6]，在医药、化妆品、食品加工等领域应用广泛。课题组前期研究表明桉叶油对痤疮丙酸杆菌（Cutibacterium acnes， C. acnes）具有抑制作用[7]。动物皮肤毒理实验显示40%桉叶油无刺激性、急性毒性、过敏性，安全性高[4]。在此基础上，课题组成功申请了专利：一种桉叶乳膏及其制备方法（专利号：ZL201510367377.5）。……