杨菁 张建英 韩越 贾龙

摘 要：以谷婪步甲成虫干粉经前期脱脂、脱蛋白质和脱无机盐试验得到的甲壳素粗品为试验材料，通过超声波辅助过氧化氢氧化脱色的方法，研究了谷婪步甲甲壳素的脱色工艺。在不同条件下，研究过氧化氢浓度、固液比、超声时间、脱色温度及pH对甲壳素脱色效果的影响，用蓝光白度值作为脱色效果的判定指标，并以白度值为响应值通过响应面优化法进行相关工艺的优化。经过单因素试验和响应面优化设计，最終确定了谷婪步甲成虫甲壳素粗品脱色的最佳工艺条件：过氧化氢浓度30%、固液比1∶30g/mL、超声时间4h、脱色温度67.53℃、溶液pH 9。在此最佳工艺条件下，测得谷婪步甲的白度值为74.2371。研究结果可为谷婪步甲粗甲壳素的脱色提供科学数据，并为后期制备壳聚糖奠定基础。

关键词：谷婪步甲;甲壳素;脱色;白度值;响应面优化设计

中图分类号 TS254.5文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）12-0113-07

Optimization of Ultrasonic Assisted Decolorization of Harpalus calceatus′s Chitin by Response Surface Methodology

YANG Jing1 et al.

（1Guyuan Branch of Ningxia Airport Limited Company，China West Airpot Group， Guyuan 756000，China）

Abstract： This study used the crude chitin of adult Harpalus calceatus as the experimental material， which needed some pretreatment like degreasing， deproteinizing and salt demineralizing.Then we applied ultrasonic-assisted hydrogen peroxide oxidation method to the research on decolorization technology of the chitin， which could be affected by the variation of hydrogen peroxide concentration， solid-liquid ratio， ultrasonic time， decolorization temperature and pH.The blue light whiteness value was set as the criteria of the decolorization effect， and the related process could be optimized by the response surface optimization method with the whiteness value as the basic response value.Finally， the conclusion could be drawn that the optimum experimental conditions for the HarpaLus calceatus chitin： the hydrogen peroxide reaction concentration was 30%; the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶30（g/ml）; the ultrasonic time was 4h; the optimal bleaching temperature was 67.53℃; the pH was 9.Under this condition， the whiteness value of the Harpalus calceatus could be measured as 74.2371. This study provided a scientific basis for the decolorization process of the crude chitin， and lying  asolid ground for the preparation of chitosan.

Key words： Harpalus calceatus; Chitin; Decolorization; Whiteness value; Response surface optimization

谷婪步甲[Harpalus calceatus （Duftschmid）]隶属于鞘翅目步甲科，捕食种兼植食性种[1，2];成虫夜间出土活动，食害谷子、玉米、小麦[3]种子造成缺苗断垄或毁种，也危害苜蓿、草莓、马铃薯、胡麻、糜子[4]等。甲壳素是自然界中数量仅次于蛋白质的含氮有机物，也是仅次于纤维素的第二大天然高分子多糖，主要由动物生成，广泛存在于节肢动物、软体动物、环节动物、原生动物、腔肠动物、海藻、真菌[7]和动物的关节、蹄、足的坚硬部分，以及动物肌肉与骨接合处均有甲壳素的存在[5]。

节肢动物中的昆虫，其甲壳素含量比……