孟冬青　刘兴龙　葛长峰　龙承涛

摘 要：应急避险是一种介于工程治理和搬迁避让之间的地质灾害防治措施，具有方式灵活、成本低、见效快等诸多优势，近年来已越来越受到地质灾害防治部门的重视。北京市全面系统地开展地质灾害应急避险工作始于2013年，该项工作的开展为保障首都地区人民群众的生命安全发挥了巨大作用，同时在7年的实践中也凸显出一些需要解决的问题，这些问题可归纳为避险场所调查、避险场所选址和评价以及应急避险工作开展等3个方面。从加强交流合作、加快成果转化、加大科研力度等几个方面针对性地提出了解决问题的对策和建议，期望能对北京市突发地质灾害防治工作的发展和完善提供参考。

关键词：地质灾害隐患;避险场所;适宜性评价;对策建议

Problems and countermeasures in emergency avoidance of geological hazards in Beijing

MENG Dongqing， LIU Xinglong， GE Changfeng， LONG Chengtao

（Beijing Institute of Geological Engineering Design， Beijing 101500， China）

Abstract： Emergency avoidance is one of the measures for geological hazard prevention besides engineering treatment and relocation. It is flexible， economical and often immediately effective. More and more attention has been paid to the prevention and control of geological hazards in recent years. Beijing began to implement emergency avoidance measures in a comprehensive and systematic manner in 2014， which has since played a big role in protecting peoples livelihood. However， 7 years of practices have seen many problems that need to be solved： investigation， selection and evaluation of emergency shelter sites， as well as implementation of emergency avoidance measures. This paper puts forward the following suggestions： strengthening exchanges and cooperation， speeding up the transformation and implementation of scientific and technological achievements， and accelerating scientific research， in order to provide a reference for the improvement of the geological hazard control and prevention work in Beijing.

Keywords： geological hazard; emergency shelter; suitability evaluation; countermeasures

2020年5月22日，有市民通过12345热线电话反映，北京市密云区冯家峪镇福家店村西火路边坡发生崩塌，砸到了汽车。本文第一作者当日作为应急调查队成员到了现场，发现只有零星的几块落石，并没有造成财产损失和人员伤亡。但百姓安全无小事，就是这样一个小小的落石事件，得到了北京市副市长的亲自批示，市政府对突发地质灾害防治工作的重视程度可见一斑。

北京位于华北平原北缘，燕山山脉和太行山脈衔接部，三面环山，山区面积占全市总面积的61.4%，地质灾害易发区的面积约占全市面积的49.8%（黄来源，2020），北京市突发地质灾害类型齐全、点多线长面广，隐蔽性高、突发性强、危害性大，历史上曾造成较大的人员伤亡和财产损失。……