贾三满　李欢　黄勇

摘 要：北京市土壤地质环境监测网是首都地质环境监测的重要组成部分，该网自2015年建设，经过6年的运行和完善，基本形成了覆盖市域的区域监测网络，分为区域监测和重点监测2个层次，取得了大量监测成果。基于多年监测成果，系统总结了北京地区的区域地球化学特征，分析了监测点布设的影响因素，在此基础上，重点探讨了区域监测点的布设依据，并提出了布设区域监测点的优化方案，有助于提升监测成果质量和扩大应用价值。结果表明：监测点布设时应根据监测目的和需求合理调整布点密度，考虑监测规范中的定量化指标，以及地层岩性、地形地貌等自然影响因素和不同土地利用类型对土壤环境的要求等定性化指标。建设用地和平原区耕地是区域监测重点，监测点密度应达到15～20个/64 km2;山区密度可适当减少。除特殊要求外，一般深层取样达2 m即可。

关键词：土壤地质环境监测;地球化学特征;布点密度;优化方案

Discussion on optimization method of regional monitoring network of soil geological environment quality in Beijing

JIA Sanman， LI Huan， HUANG  Yong

（Beijing Institute of Geo-exploration Technology， Beijing 102218， China）

Abstract： The soil geological environment monitoring network in Beijing is an important part of the capital's geological environment monitoring effort. The network was constructed in 2015. After five years of operation， it has gradually formed a city-wide monitoring network with two levels： regional monitoring and key monitoring. Based on years of monitoring results， this paper summarizes the regional geochemical characteristics of the Beijing area， and systematically analyzes the factors affecting the layout of monitoring points. The basis for the deployment of regional monitoring points was discussed and an optimization plan for the deployment of regional monitoring points was proposed. This helps to improve the quality of monitoring results and expand the application value. The result shows when setting up monitoring points， the density of the points should be adjusted reasonably according to the monitoring purpose and needs， taking into account the quantitative indicators in the monitoring specifications， as well as the qualitative indicators， such as natural influencing factors including stratum lithology， topography and geomorphology， and the requirements of different land use types on the soil environment. Construction land and cultivated land in plain areas are the focus of regional monitoring and the density of monitoring points should reach 15-20/64 km2. Mountain density can be appropriately reduced. Except for special requirements， deep sampling up to 2 m is sufficient in general.

Keywords： soil geological environment monitoring; geochemical characteristics;  dot density; optimization scheme

我國960万km2土地中，适用于农耕的土地面积约有1.37亿hm2，仅占总土地面积的14.3%，农耕土地面积占比小，且土壤环境质量不容乐观。北京市土壤环境质量总体良好，但局部存在由于基础地质条件较差和人类活动影响形成的土壤生态环境风险（北京市地质勘察技术院，2018）。土壤地质环境监测作为地质环境监测体系的重要组成部分（郭萌等，2015;郑桂森等，2020），可以及时掌握和识别土壤环境质量状况、潜在风险和污染来源等信息，对土壤环境治理和污染综合防治有重要意义（庄腾飞等，2012; 陈丹青等，2016）。……