某化肥厂地块土壤重金属砷(As) 污染特征与来源解析
2021-07-23孙小华
孙小华



摘 要:在某化肥厂关闭企业地块,采集了0~6 m深度的土壤样品115件,分析了土壤样品中重金属砷的含量、污染特征及来源。结果表明,土壤样品中重金属砷(As)均有不同程度检出,超标样品54件,最大检测值为714 mg·kg-1,超出GB 36600-2018标准第二类用地筛选值(60 mg·kg-1)约10倍,超出第二类用地风险管制值(140 mg·kg-1)4倍。土壤砷(As)超标点主要位于生产区和仓储区,生活区局部存在。0~1.5 m回填土层超标较为普遍,向下明显减弱,局部地区污染深度达6 m。综合分析,土壤中砷(As)的污染源来自生产过程中产生的废水、废渣以及遗撒的原材料,局部地区来自继承污染。
关键词:某化肥厂;重金属砷(As);污染特征;来源解析
Pollution characteristics and source apportionment of heavy metal arsenic in soil of a chemical fertilizer plant site
SUN Xiaohua
(Beijing Institute of Geology, Beijing 100195, China)
Abstract: A total of 115 soil samples in the decommissioning site of a chemical fertilizer plant were collected, and the contents, pollution characteristics and sources of arsenic in the soil samples were analyzed. The results show that heavy metal arsenic (As) was detected in all soil samples to different degrees, with 54 samples exceeding the standard, and the maximum value detected was 714 mg·kg-1, about 10 times higher than the screening value of 60 mg·kg-1 in the second type of land according to GB 36600-2018 standard and exceeding the risk control value of the second type of land (140 mg·kg-1) by 4 times. Soil arsenic mainly existed at the production and storage areas and at some part of the living areas. Most of the over-standard pollution occurred at the backfilled soil layer of 0 -1.5 m, which weakened significantly downward, and some of the pollution reached 6 m in depth. Based on comprehensive analyses, it is discovered that the main pollution sources of arsenic (As) in soil come from the waste water, waste residue and scattered raw materials created in the production process, and some come from inherited pollution.
Keywords: chemical fertilizer plant; arsenic; pollution characteristic; spatial distribution; source analysis
土壤是人类赖以生存的根基,由城市化、工业化快速发展带来的土壤环境污染问题日渐突出,As、Cd、Hg等重金属是典型的土壤污染物之一,具有高毒性、难降解性、生物累积性等特点(Bocher et al.,2003;刘洋等,2013),污染土壤后会向大气圈、水圈和生物圈迁移从而危害人类健康(Sharma et al.,2007;Lv et al.,2014)。关于土壤中重金属污染来源与空间分布特征的研究已有大量报道,但多以区域、农田土壤重金属污染为研究靶区(付华等,2006;胡克林等,2004;姜菲菲等,2011;熊秋林等,2017;杨少斌等,2018;蔚青等,2019;李婧等,2019;趙倩等,2016),而针对工厂特别是化肥厂等重污染企业的重金属污染特征研究却并不多见(吴志远等,2020)。本文以某化肥厂为研究对象,分析了土壤样品中重金属砷(As)的含量、污染空间分布及来源,以期为相关部门开展环境评价和治理提供参考。
1 场地概况
该化肥厂2002年与某外资公司合并成为现在的企业名称,在此之前本地块一直为另一化肥厂,占地面积73 487.37 m2。……
