闫广新　田一茗　孟美杉　佟雪健　顾海波　刘清俊

Distribution and migration of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons （PAH） in soil and groundwater of a chemical site

YAN Guangxin1， TIAN  Yiming2， MENG Meishan1， TONG Xuejian1， GU Haibo1， LIU Qingjun1

（1. Beijing Institute of Geo-exploration Technology， Beijing 102218， China;

2. Jilin Ecological Environment Monitoring Center， Jilin 132011， China）

Abstract： A chemical site was selected to collect undisturbed soil and undisturbed groundwater samples at different depths. Quantitative analyses of 16 types of optimal controlled PAHs in the soil and groundwater samples were carried out to study the distribution characteristics and migration patterns of different types of PAHs in the aerated zone and saturated zone. The results show that the distribution of PAHs in soil and groundwater for high-pollution-value areas was basically the same as that in the production workshop. In the vertical direction， PAHs in the soil were concentrated in the mixed fill soil layer， and the low-ring PAHs and the middle-ring PAHs were more likely to migrate downward， and were enriched in the clay layer to some extent. Only the lowest ring naphthalene migrated to the saturated layer through the vadose zone. Some of the naphthalene in the saturated layer diffused in the groundwater， and some continued to migrate vertically to the deeper soil. Through the concentration ratio of specific components， the source of PAHs in the soil of the site was preliminarily determined as resulted from incomplete combustion of crude oil.

Keywords： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs）; soil; groundwater; migration patterns

基金項目：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2018ZX07109）;北京市昌平南口示范区地表基质调查与评价研究（PXM2021_158307_000007）联合资助

第一作者简介：闫广新（1968- ），男，学士，高级工程师，主要从事水文地质、环境地质研究工作。

E-mail： bj101ygx@souhu.com

引用格式：闫广新，田一茗，孟美杉，佟雪健，顾海波，刘清俊，2021. 某化工场地土壤与地下水中多环芳烃的分布特征及迁移规律[J].城市地质，16（2）：156-162

多环芳烃（PAHs）广泛存在于自然界和人类生产生活环境，是一种最早发现且数量最多的致癌有机污染物。在联合国环境规划署（UNEP）和全球环境基金（GEF）组织的持久性有毒污染物（PTS）区域评价计划中，PAHs在优先级上仅次于二英、呋喃类、多氯联苯，位列第四（刘广民等，2008;余刚等，2005）。美国环保署（EPA）和欧盟已将16种PAHs（萘、苊、二氢苊、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘、、苯并[a]蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[k]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘、茚并[1，2，3-cd]芘、二苯并[a，h]蒽和苯并[g，h，i] ）列入优先控制的有毒有机污染物黑名单中（孙玉川等，2014）。多环芳烃是一种致癌物质，但它并不直接致癌，而是通过生物蓄积、生物转化、环境蓄积或者化学反应等方式，经过酶的作用，在人体内生成致癌物，从而导致人体不可修复的损害（吴彦瑜等，2013）。由于多数PAHs组分属于难降解的疏水性有机化合物，易被吸附截留在土壤-包气带的土层中，进而造成土壤和沉积物浅表层污染（何江涛等，2009;宋玉芳等，1997;张枝焕等，2003）。受到多环芳烃污染的土壤会产生富集作用，并通过土壤进入人体，同时土壤中的多环芳烃也可通过地球化学循环迁移进入大气和水体中。……