董殿伟　马如林　李玉虎　林佳旭

摘 要：由于地下水的大量开采及永定河补水的减少，玉泉山泉水自1975年断流。随着南水北调工程的实施，在西山地区进行回灌和压采区域地下水成为可能。利用GMS数值模型，以河道补给、人工回灌、关井压采等手段设计4种调蓄方案，分析玉泉山泉复涌可行性及复涌后对地质环境的影响。研究表明，方案四可优先作为玉泉山泉复涌的调蓄方案，该方案主要利用在永定河引水渠和南旱河沿岸进行大口井回灌，回灌量约为8000万m3·a-1，同时，岩溶水集中水厂停采，其余开采量保持现状不变。在此方案下，区域水位平均每年上升0.84 m，预计到2050年末，玉泉山泉水位51.9 m，达到出流水位。

关键词：玉泉山泉;泉水恢复;岩溶水;地下水调蓄方案;GMS;回灌;数值模拟

Predictive analysis of conditions and schemes for Yuquan Mountain spring water recovery in western suburbs of Beijing

DONG Dianwei1， MA Rulin2， LI  Yuhu1， LIN Jiaxu1

（1. Beijing Institute of Geological & Prospecting Engineering， Beijing 100048， China;

2. Beijing Chaobai River Management Office， Beijing 101300， China）

Abstract： Due to massive groundwater exploitation and reduction of  Yongding River water replenishment， Yuquan Mountain's spring water has been dry since 1975. With the implementation of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project， it is possible to recharge and press regional groundwater in the Xishan area. Using the GMS numerical model， four kinds of regulation and storage schemes are designed by means of river recharge， artificial recharge， shut-in and pressure production， to analyze the feasibility of  Yuquan Mountain spring recovery and its impact on the geological environment. Studies show that Option 4 can be prioritized as the regulation and storage plan for Yuquan Mountain spring recovery. The plan mainly recharges the large wells along the diversion canal of  Yongding River and Nanhan River， with a recharge volume of about 80 million m3.a-1. At the same time，  concentrated water plants stopped exploring karst water， and the rest of the water exploitation volume remained unchanged. Under this plan， the regional water level will rise by 0.84 m per year on average. It is estimated that by the end of 2050， the water level of the Yuquan Mountain spring will be 51.9 m， reaching the outflow level.

Keywords： Yuquan Mountain spring; recovery of the spring water; karst water; groundwater regulation and storage schemes; GMS; recharge; numerical simulation

玉泉山泉有“天下第一泉”之稱，自元代便专供皇宫使用，并作为源头，补给北长河、昆明湖、高水湖及金河等河道，河道的生态环境优美宜人，著名的“京西稻”就是由玉泉山泉水浇灌的。由于地下水的大量开采，玉泉山泉自1975年断流，不复当年“水清而碧，澄洁似玉”之盛景。面对此种现象，2005年李裕宏提出“涵养京西水源，恢复玉泉山泉”的设想，但由于当时北京西山地区为北京市重要的岩溶水开采基地，肩负着北京城区的供水任务，恢复玉泉山泉难以实现。而随着南水北调工程的实施，在西山地区进行回灌和压采区域地下水成为可能，玉泉山泉有望实现复涌（王莉蛟等，2016）。因此，本文根据玉泉山泉水的出流特征，分析泉水补给来源和径流通道，利用地下水数值模拟模型，探讨泉水复涌的途径和方案。……