陆强 郑燕萍

摘 要：为保证续驶里程的前提下，提高纯电动赛车的动力性能和比赛竞争力，确定赛车整车参数与动力性能目标，对电机、电池和主减速比等动力参数进行设计及匹配计算，通过CRUISE仿真软件搭建整车模型，并建立75 m直线加速、最高车速与NEDC循环工况等任务，利用正交试验法，采用三因素三水平对赛车电机的额定功率、额定转速和传动比进行优化组合，运用极差分析法对仿真结果计算分析，对优化后的动力参数进行仿真。优化仿真结果表明：与原设计方案相比，赛车的75 m直线加速时间为3.98 s，缩短了2.926%;最高车速达到164 km/h，提高了9.342%;最大续驶里程达到30.143 km，提高了0.685%。研究结果表明正交试验法可以对赛车动力参数优化的研究提供一定参考。

关键词：电动方程式赛车;动力系统;参数匹配;正交试验

中图分类号：U463.1    文献标识码：A   文章编号：1006-8023（2021）03-0088-07

Abstract：In order to ensure the continuous driving range on the premise of improving the power performance and competition competitiveness of pure electric racing cars， the vehicle parameters and dynamic performance targets of the racing cars were determined， and the motor， battery， main reduction ratio and other dynamic parameters were designed and matched. The vehicle model was built by Cruise simulation software， and 75 m linear acceleration， top speed with the NEDC cycle conditions were established. Using the orthogonal experiment method， the three factors and three levels of car motor rated power， rated speed and transmission ratio was optimized combination. The range analysis method was used to calculate and analyze the simulation results， and the dynamic parameters after optimization were simulated. The simulation results showed that， compared with the original design scheme， the 75 m linear acceleration time of the race car was 3.98 s， which was shortened by 2.926%. The maximum speed reached 164 km/h， increased by 9.342%. The maximum driving range reached 30.143 km， increased of 0.685%. The research content of this paper shows that the orthogonal test method can provide a certain reference for the research on the optimization of dynamic parameters of racing cars.

Keywords：Electric formula car; power system; parameter matching; orthogonal test

0 引言

電动方程式赛车要求拥有良好的动力性能与经济性能，能够完成直线加速、8字环绕测试、高速避障测试和耐久测试等比赛项目[1]。

在符合赛事规则的情况下，针对赛车的动力系统进行优化，可以提高赛车在比赛中的竞争力。赵晟超等[2]利用Optimum Lap搭建赛道模型，对赛车传动比进行优化，用CRUISE软件验证赛车经济性提高;仝志辉等[3]采用双电机布置形式，建立电动方程式赛车模型及循环工况，使用CRUISE软件对电动方程式赛车进行动力性、经济性工况仿真分析;佟刚等[4]通过对ADVISOR软件进行二次开发，将前轮驱动模型改为后轮驱动模型，并运用ADVISOR仿真软件对电动赛车的动力系统以及续驶里程进行仿真分析;Prochazka等[5]根据电机转矩与速度、功率与速度的关系优化传动比，提高电机效率。……