魏志刚 夏德安 王瑞琪 张洋 刘莹莹 商永亮 杨传平

摘 要：不同天然次生林类型下选择红松造林种源是顶级群落——阔叶红松林恢复与重建的重要举措。本研究材料包括：黑龙江省的带岭、金山屯、铁力、黑河、鹤岗和汤原，吉林省的敦化、白河和汪清，辽宁省的本溪种源。采用随机完全区组的试验设计和统计分析方法，对带岭林业实验局7年生4种天然次生林下不同红松种源的生长性状、适应性性状进行差异显著性与相关性结果分析。研究结果表明，①不同林型下红松种源间生长及适应性性状多存在着显著或极显著的地理变异;②林型与种源间的交互作用尚不显著;③硬阔叶林下红松种源生长及适应性整体表现优良，其次为杂木林，再次为杨桦林，最差为蒙古栎林;④硬阔叶林下和蒙古栎林下优良红松种源为铁力，杨桦林下和蒙古栎林下优良红松种源为鹤岗。针对不同林型选择适宜种源才能保证“适地、适树、适种源”的造林法则在营林生产实践中得到应用。

关键词：小兴安岭;带岭林业实验局;天然次生林;红松;种源选择

中图分类号：S791    文献标识码：A   文章编号：1006-8023（2021）03-0001-11

Abstract：To select excellent provenances of Pinus koraiensis for different natural secondary forest types is an important strategy for the restoration of the top forest community， the broadleaved Korean pine forest. In this paper， the provenances of Dailing， Jinshantun， Tieli， Heihe， Hegang， and Tangyuan from Heilongjiang Province， Dunhua， Baihe， and Wangqing from Jilin Province， and Benxi from Liaoning Province were used to performed provenance test in four types of natural secondary forests of 7 years old in Dailing Forestry Experimental Bureau. The significance and correlation of the growth characters and adaptability characters were analyzed by using the randomized complete block design and statistical analysis method. The results showed that： ① there were significant or extremely significant geographical variations in the growth and adaptability among Korean pine provenances among different types of secondary nature forest. ② The interactions between provenances and natural secondary forest types were not significant. ③ The hardwood forest showed the best performances on the all tested traits of Korean pine afforestation， followed by mixed forest， poplarbrich forest， and Quercus mongolica by turn. ④ The Tieli provenance was the superior provenance for hardwood forest and Quercus mongolica forest， while the Hegang provenance was the superior provenance for afforestation in poplarbrich forests and Quercus mongolica forest. Altogether， according to different forest types， to select the suitable provenance can ensure that afforestation principle， “suitable site， suitable tree and suitable provenance”， be applied in the practice of afforestation.

Keywords：Xiaoxingan Mountains; Dailing Forestry Experimental Bureau; natural secondary forests; Pinus koraiensis; provenance selection

0 引言

闊叶红松林以其建群种独特、物种多样性丰富及生产力高而著称，具有维护生态安全以及改善区域生态环境的作用，其最大特点是生产力高、稳定性好、材质优良和抗逆性强，是东北地区森林植被稳定性的关键因素和重要木材资源战略储备基地[1-2]。然而，由于长期过量采伐，加之森林保护措施不力、毁林开荒、森林火灾和森林病虫害等诸多原因，导致原始阔叶红松林几乎全部退化成遗传多样性低、生态功能脆弱和生产力低下的各种类型的天然次生林[1， 3-8]。……