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用“some”or“any”

2021-07-19隋欣媛

初中生学习指导·提升版 2021年6期

隋欣媛

我们知道,some通常用于肯定句,any则用于否定句或疑问句。但随着学习的深入,我们发现情况并不完全如此,下面对它们的用法做出归纳。

一、some和any作为形容词或代词,可以用来说明或代替复数名词或不可数名词,表示不定量,意为“一些”,其区别是:对其所说明或代替的名词持肯定态度时,用some;持非肯定(否定或疑问)态度时,用any。

在以下句子中使用some:

1.肯定句(包括肯定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中肯定的陈述部分)。如:

There are some new books on the teacher’s desk.

We have a lot of sugar. Take some with you, please.

He bought some bread, didn’t he?

2.持肯定态度的一般疑问句。如:

Are there some stamps in that drawer?

Didn’t she give you some money?

3.表示请求或建议的一般疑问句,通常都希望得到对方肯定的答复,所以也用some。如:

May I ask you some questions?

Would you like some tea?

4.特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。因为特殊疑问句和选择疑问句并不对some所说明或代替的名词表示疑问。如:

Where can I get some buttons?

Do you have some pens or pencils?

在以下句子中使用any:

1.否定句(包括否定的陈述句和祈使句以及反意疑问句中否定的陈述部分)。如:

I can’t give you any help now.

Do not make any noise.

There weren’t any trees here, were there?

2.含有除not以外的其他否定词或否定结构的句子。如:

Jim hardly makes any mistakes in his homework.

He went to London without any money in his pocket.

She was too poor to buy any new clothes.

3.一般疑问句(持肯定态度的除外)。如:

Did she buy any tomatoes yesterday?

I want some paper. Do you have any?

4.条件状语从句。如:

If you are looking for any ink, you can find it on my desk.

If there are any good apples there, get me two kilos, please.

因为条件句“如果……”表达的也是不肯定的态度。但是,如果说话者持肯定的态度或期待得到肯定的答复时,则可以用some。如:

Bring me two pieces of paper if you have some.

5.whether/ if(是否)引导的宾语从句。如:

It is still unknown whether they have found any proof.

He asked if he could drink any cool water.

二、some还可表示“某些”或用在单数名词前表示“某一个”。any则可用于表示“任何一些”或“(至少三个中)任何一个”,二者均可用于肯定或非肯定的句子中。如:

I don’t like some of them.

He is working at some place in the north.

Any criminal(s) will be punished.

You can take any of these.

三、some和any也可作為副词,用于比较级前,表示程度,意为“稍许,几分”,用法与其作形容词或代词表示“一些”时基本相同。如:

He feels some better now.

She was so tired that she could not go any further.

some还可以用在数字之前,意为“大约”。

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