锡林浩特国家气候观象台大气颗粒物污染特征
2021-07-17姜其敏姜海梅
姜其敏 姜海梅



摘 要:本文利用在锡林浩特国家气候观象台野外观测场采集的2008年大气颗粒物PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度数据,分析了颗粒物质量浓度和数浓度的时间变化特征及其主要影响因子。研究结果表明:2008年,锡林浩特国家气候观象台PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0的年平均质量浓度分别为27.41、11.75、7.63 μg/m3;PM10、PM2.5和PM1.0质量浓度的年变化表现为双峰型;不同季节的PM10质量浓度平均值为:春季>秋季>冬季>夏季,PM2.5的季节变化特征与PM10相似,PM1.0质量浓度平均值为:春季>冬季>夏季≈秋季;数浓度分析表明该站大气颗粒物数以积聚模态为主;沙尘是该站大气颗粒物污染的主要来源。
关键词:大气颗粒物;质量浓度;数浓度;沙尘
中图分类号:X831文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)07-0122-03
Characteristics of Atmospheric Particulate Pollution in Xilinhot National Climate Observatory
JIANG Qimin1 JIANG Haimei2
(1.School of Automation, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044;2.School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing Jiangsu 210044)
Abstract: Based on the data of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 in 2008 collected at the field observation station of Xilinhot National Climate Observatory, the temporal variation characteristics and main influencing factors of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 were analyzed. The results show that: in 2008, the annual average concentrations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 are 27.41、11.75、7.63 μg·m-3 respectively. The annual variations of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 appeared a double peak change. The average concentrations of PM10 in different seasons are in the order of spring > autumn> winter>summer, the seasonal variation of PM2.5 was similar to that of PM10, and the average concentrations of PM1.0 are in the order of spring>winter>summer≈autumn. The number concentration analysis shows that atmospheric particulate matter is mainly in accumulation mode, and dust is the main source of atmospheric particulate matter pollution of this station.
Keywords: atmospheric particulate matter;mass concentration;numerical concentration;dust
大气颗粒物是指以固态或液态形式存在于大气中的颗粒物,按照空气动力学等效直径,可将颗粒物分为可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细颗粒物(PM2.5)和PM1.0。当大气中的颗粒物浓度超过大气循环能力和环境容量承载度时,大气颗粒物浓度就会持续增加,从而形成大气污染事件,对环境、气候和人体健康产生严重的危害。因而,大气颗粒物浓度的监测和相关研究受到了科学界和全社会的广泛关注[1-3]。
近年来,国内外开展了大量关于大气颗粒物PM10、PM2.5、PM1.0污染特征的研究工作[4-12]。但目前,针对大气颗粒物的研究主要集中于我国中东部等城市化程度高、人口密集的地区,而北方干旱/半干旱区的相关研究还较为缺乏。锡林浩特市位于内蒙古自治区中部,与北京直线距离350 km。该地区地处中温带半干旱大陆性气候区,全年降水较少,气候干燥,春季多风沙、扬尘天气,特别是春季的沙尘天气,导致大氣颗粒物浓度急剧增加,对当地的生态环境和人民健康造成了巨大影响。为了深入了解当地的大……
