小浪底水库低水位、高含沙水流对闸门运用的影响
2021-07-17王志刚洪羽
王志刚 洪羽



摘 要:小浪底水利枢纽工程调水调沙,是在现代化技术条件下,利用工程设施和调度手段,通过水流的冲击,将水库的泥沙和河床的淤沙适时送入大海,从而减少库区和河床的淤积,增大主槽的行洪能力。同时,高含沙量、低水位运行对水利枢纽设施设备也造成一定的影响,如闸门磨蚀、无法正常关闭等。本文就泄洪排沙运用过程中闸门所出现的问题进行简要分析。
关键词:泄洪排沙;泥沙淤积;闸门卡组;小浪底工程
中图分类号:TV697文献标识码:A文章编号:1003-5168(2021)07-0057-03
A Brief Analysis of the Influence of Low Water Level and High Sediment Flow on Gate Operation in Xiaolangdi Reservoir
WANG Zhigang HONG Yu
(Yellow River Conservancy and Hydropower Development Co., Ltd.,Jiyuan Henan 459017)
Abstract: The diversion of water and sediment from Xiaolangdi Water Control Project is to timely send the sediment from the reservoir and the riverbed to the sea through the impact of water flow under the modern technical conditions by using engineering facilities and means of control, so as to reduce the siltation of the reservoir area and riverbed and increase the flood carrying capacity of the main channel. At the same time, the operation of high sediment concentration and low water level also had certain influence on the equipment of water conservancy project facilities, such as the gate abrasion and failure to close normally, etc. In this paper, the problems occurred in the gate during the operation of flood discharge and sediment discharge were briefly analyzed.
Keywords: flood discharge and sand discharge;silting;gate clamp group;Xiaolangdi Project
1 基本運行情况
2019年6月21日至8月12日08:00,小浪底水利枢纽工程经历了长时间、低水位、排沙比最高的一次泄洪排沙运用,入库泥沙量1.47×108 t,出库泥沙量4.71×108 t,最大出库含沙量266 kg/m?,排沙比336%,为历年最高[1]。从2018年和2019年小浪底水利枢纽低库水位泄洪排沙运用的实际情况可知,由于泄洪排沙孔洞过流含沙量保持较高水平,一旦工作闸门关闭,流道内浑水快速落淤,容易造成事故门及检修门槽在短时内淤积较高泥沙,进而导致事故闸门或检修闸门无法全关到位,而且在低水位运用时水流很容易将河底杂物带进孔洞内造成卡阻,为闸门运用带来一定的安全隐患。
2 运行过程中出现的问题及应对措施
2.1 2018—2019年事故闸门问题统计
经统计,2018—2019年汛期出现的小浪底工程事故闸门启闭问题达到10余次之多,情况如表1所示。
从表1可知,在泄洪排沙运用期间,小浪底水利工程排沙洞、孔板洞事故闸门挡沙运行时,多次出现泥沙淤积造成事故闸门启闭困难以及高含沙水流对闸门及闸门埋件造成磨蚀、气蚀情况。……
