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全球档案治理进程中离散档案数字回归的挑战与对策

2021-07-14常大伟罗瑞云

档案与建设 2021年5期

常大伟 罗瑞云

摘 要:离散档案是因为各种原因未被保存在档案所有国或其形成地的档案,其在回归过程中诉讼时效、所有权归属、法律适用、诉讼主体资格等的确立往往面临困难。为了克服相关问题,通过移交离散档案数字化副本、构建离散档案数据库等方式实现离散档案的数字回归正在成为一种可行方案。文章认为,可以从加强离散档案数字回归的法规建设、推动离散档案数字回归的相关议题和项目实施、构建离散档案数字回归的双边或多边合作框架、合作建立离散档案数据库等方面,促进离散档案数字回归的实践发展。

关键词:离散档案;档案追索;数字回归;全球档案治理

分类号:G271

Challenges and Countermeasures of Digital Regression of Displaced Archives in the Process of Global Archives Governance

Chang Dawei, Luo Ruiyun

(School of Information Management of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001)

Abstract:Displaced archives archives are not preserved in the country of ownership or the place where they were formed for various reasons. In the process of return, they are faced with difficulties such as limitation of action, ownership, application of law, qualification of litigation subject and so on. In order to overcome the related problems, it is becoming a feasible scheme to realize the digital regression of dis-placed archives by transferring digital copies of discrete archives and constructing dis-placed archives database. Specifically, we can promote the practice and development of digital regression of displaced archives from the following aspects: strengthening the legal construction of digital regression of dis-placed archives, promoting the implementation of related issues and projects of digital regression of dis-placed archives, constructing bilateral or multilateral cooperation framework of digital regression of dis-placed archives, and establishing database of dis-placed archives.

Keywords:Displaced Archives;Archives Tracing; Digital Regression of Displaced Archives; Global Archives Governance

離散档案通常指由于战争、殖民、文化侵略或文物走私等原因未保存在档案所有国或其形成地的档案。离散档案涉及一个国家档案文献的完整性及历史记录的延续性,促进离散档案回归受到国际档案界和许多国家及地区特别是那些受到离散档案问题困扰的国家和地区的高度重视[1]。相关学者围绕离散档案的形成原因、分布状况、回归依据、回归方式等问题展开了系列研究。例如,傅华在分析离散档案产生原因的基础上,论证了离散档案回归的理论依据[2];李秋丽论证了离散档案追索的法律依据和具体举措[3];赵彦昌分析了甲骨档案流失海外的原因、经过及具体分布[4];王春泉指出国际合作是离散档案回归的必由之路,需要依托国际合作项目构建离散档案回归的沟通、协调和落实机制[5];……

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