袁丰华 胡元凯

摘 要：针对X射线工作环境下，导管室介入手术医生临床常用防护服超负重、防护不全面，导致慢性损伤的弊端，采用“舱体支撑行走器”+“包裹铅衣”构成防护舱对人体进行防护的设计构思，以铅橡胶为屏蔽材料，模拟人体外骨骼构架、根据手术作业活动需要设计舱体支撑行走器、贴合支撑行走器造型及动态性能设计包裹铅衣，通过机械加工、组装、裁剪、缝纫完成产品制作。经国家食品药品监督管理局备案，医疗器械检验部门按照医药行业标准 YY 0318-2000 《医用诊断X射线辐射防护器具 第 3 部分： 防护服和性腺防护器具》检测，并进行临床仿真实验及灵活性、准确性对比实验测试，研究结果表明：舱体支撑行走式X射线防护服产品质量符合国家医用诊断 X 射线个人防护材料及用品要求，着装者无需承重，工作作业自如，行走灵活，视野开阔，穿戴方便。

关键词：X射线;防护服;舱体;支撑行走器;包裹铅衣

中图分类号：TS941.731+.7 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-5922（2021）04-0184-05

Abstract：Aiming at the malpractice of chronic injury caused by the overload and incomplete protection of the protective clothing commonly used by doctors for interventional surgery in the catheterization room under the x-ray working environment， the design idea of protecting human body by using “cabin support Walker” and “lead-coating” to form the protective cabin is presented， with lead rubber as shielding material， to simulate the human exoskeleton framework， to design the cabin support walker according to the needs of the operation activities， to fit the supporting walker shape and dynamic performance design and wrap the lead clothing， and complete the product production through mechanical processing， assembly， cutting， and sewing. For the record of the State Food and Drug Administration， the medical device inspection department is in accordance with the medical industry standard YY 0318-2000 “Medical diagnostic X-ray radiation protection equipment Part 3： Protective clothing and gonadal protection equipment”， and carried out clinical simulation experiments and comparative experimental tests of flexibility and accuracy. The results show that the quality of the cabin-supported walking x-ray protective clothing meets the requirements of national medical diagnostic x-ray personal protective materials and supplies， clothing without load-bearing， work freely， walking flexible， open vision， easy to wear.

Key words：X-rays; protective clothing; cabin;support walker;lead coating

0 引言

X射線是波长介于紫外线和γ射线间的电离辐射，照射人体时会产生一定的生物效应，对人体的组织器官、腺体与血细胞造成较大损伤，且具有积蓄性，长期过量的辐射，会使人乏力、头晕、机体免疫力下降，严重可引起内分泌紊乱和造血系统损害以及易于引发相关癌症等，随着先进的X射线诊断 ，以及心血管造影术、血管成形术的更新和普及，放射介入治疗广泛开展，愈来愈多的医学放射学工作者须长时……