张静雅 刘春花 马雪 王爱民 李勇军 王永林 孙佳

【摘 要】 目的：建立小血藤药材质量标准。方法：采集来自贵州六批次小血藤药材，参考2015版《中国药典》和2003版《贵州省中药材、民族药材质量标准》对小血藤的质量控制方法进行研究，包括性状鉴别、显微鉴别、薄层色谱建别、水分检查、总灰分检查及浸出物检查。结果：六批小血藤的性状特征相似，显微特征明显;薄层色谱斑点清晰、分离度好、专属性强;水分为8.90%～10.08%，平均值9.52%;总灰分为11.1%～12.7%，平均值11.8%;水溶性浸出物为12.83%～16.55%，平均值14.93%。结论：该方法操作简单，重复性好，可为小血藤质量控制提供实验依据。

【关键词】 小血藤;显微鉴别;薄层色谱鉴别;质量标准

【中图分类号】R284.1 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517（2021）08-0045-06

Abstract：Objective The aim of this study is to establish the quality standard of Rubiae alatae Radix et Rhizoma. Methods Six batches of Rubiae alatae Radix et Rhizoma from Guizhou were collected. According to pharmacopoeia 2015， the quality control methods of Rubiae alatae Radix et Rhizoma were studied， including character， microscopic and thin layer chromatography （TLC） identification， water content， total ash inspection and water-soluble extract determination. Results The characters of the six batches of Rubiae alatae Radix et Rhizoma were similar， and their microscopic characteristics were obvious. The spots in TLC are clear， possessing good resolution and specificity.The range of water content of the six batches of samples was 8.90%～10.08% and the average value was 9.52%; the total ash content ranged from 11.1% to 12.7% with an average value 11.8%; and the content of water-soluble were 12.83%～16.55% with a mean value 14.93%. Conclusion This method is simple， accurate and reliable， which can provide experimental basis for the quality control of Rubiae alatae Radix et Rhizoma.

Key words：Rubiae alatae Radix et Rhizoma; Microscopic Identification; Thin Layer Chromatography; Quality Control

小血藤为茜草科植物金剑茜草（Rubia alata Roxb.）、大叶茜草（Rubia schumanniana Pritzel）或钩毛茜草（Rubia oncotricha Hand.-Mazz.）的干燥根及根茎，为我国传统常用中药[1]，亦为贵州省少数民族用药，小血藤为三种茜草的总称。其最早记载于秦汉时期的《神农本草经》，原名“茜根”，书中记载“茜根主寒湿，风痹，黄疽，补中，生山谷[2]，关于茜草的药用历史在《名医别录》、《新修本草》《本草纲目》《中华本草》等历代本草中均有描述[2]，其功效与作用是凉血止血、清热退黄、止痒止痛、消炎杀菌[3] 。小血藤主要在西南地区如云南、四川、贵州等地分布，其中金剑茜草在贵州分布较为广泛[4]。雖然三种茜草在植物形态、生态环境及分布上略有差异，但是在民间均采集其根及根茎，用于治疗吐血，衄血，崩漏，经闭，黄疸，支气管炎，跌扑损伤等疾病[5]，具有良好的药用价值。……