肖冬素　　曾水英　　郭晶

[摘要] 目的 探討在极低出生体重儿中应用初乳口腔免疫疗法联合水床式鸟巢护理的效果。 方法 将2019年4月至2020年4月期间我院收治的62例极低出生体重儿纳入研究，并通过随机数字表法分为两组，给予对照组（n=31）常规护理，给予试验组（n=31）初乳口腔免疫疗法联合水床式鸟巢护理。观察两组新生儿并发症、体重变化，调查喂养情况、住院时间和产妇满意度。 结果 试验组的恢复出生体重时间短于对照组，体重增长高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组的并发症发生率低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组开始喂养时间、达全肠道喂养时间以及住院时间均短于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。试验组护理总满意率高于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 初乳口腔免疫疗法联合水床式鸟巢护理应用于极低出生体重儿中，可促进新生儿生长发育，改善喂养情况，降低并发症风险，缩短住院时间，产妇满意度较高，值得推广。

[关键词] 极低出生体重儿;初乳口腔免疫疗法;水床式鸟巢;并发症

[中图分类号] R473.7          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）11-0167-03

Application of colostrum oral immunotherapy combined with waterbed bird nest nursing in very low birth weight infants

XIAO Dongsu   ZENG Shuiying   GUO Jing

Department of Pediatrics， Ganzhou People′s Hospital in Jiangxi Province， Ganzhou   341000， China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of colostrum oral immunotherapy combined with waterbed bird nest nursing in very low birth weight infants. Methods A total of 62 cases of very low birth weight infants who were admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to April 2020 were included in the study， and they were divided into two groups by random number table method. The control group was given routine care（31 cases）， and the experimental group was given colostrum oral immunotherapy combined with waterbed bird nest nursing care. The complications and body weight changes of the two groups of newborns were observed， and the feeding situation， the length of hospital stay and puerpera′s satisfaction were investigated. Results The time spent on recovering to the normal birth weight in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group， and the increase in body weight was higher than that in the control group. The differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The incidence rate of complications in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. The starting time of feeding， the time of full intestinal feeding， and the length of hospital stay in the experimental group were shorter than those in the control group， and the differences were statistically significant（P<0.05）. The overall satisfaction rate of nursing care in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group，and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.05）. Conclusion Colostrum oral immunotherapy combined with waterbed bird nest nursing care in very low birth weight infants can promote the growth and development of newborns， improve feeding， reduce the risk of complications， and shorten the length of hospital stay， with higher puerpera′s satisfaction， which is worthy of promotion.

[Key words] Very low birth weight infant; Colostrum oral immunotherapy; Waterbed bird nest; Complications

极低出生体重儿主要指出生体重低于1500 g的新生儿，通常发生在早产儿，胎龄在34周以下[1]。由于国家二胎政策的开放以及试管婴儿的增多，近年来极低出生体重儿发生率逐渐递增，但随着医疗技术的进步，极低出生体重儿的存活率也随之升高。极低出生体重儿由于身体器官尚未发育成熟，呼吸系统和消化系统功能较差，更容易出现窒息、喂养不耐受、呼吸暂停等并发症[2]。目前临床对于极低出生体重儿通常采取生理盐水口腔护理和普通鸟巢护理，但是并发症发生率仍然较高，因此有必要寻找一种更为安全可靠、操作简便的方法。极低出生体重儿脱离温暖羊水和柔软胎盘环境后需要在温箱中，由于四肢暴露，欠缺一定的安全感和舒适感。水床式鸟巢模仿了子宫环境，有利于新生儿的正常发育[3]。……