陈淑琴 邬佳婧 葛坚 刘诗韵

摘   要：根据循证设计的理论，对案例建筑中不同行為主体的空调使用行为进行实测调研并分析，总结出不同运行阶段的典型空调运行模式，利用蒙特卡洛方法对全年空调运行序列进行模拟，并以年平均空调开启时长作为校核参数，对比不同类型房间在供冷和供热工况下的实测结果与模拟结果，模拟结果误差水平不高于5.5%，验证了全年空调运行序列生成方法的合理性和实用性. 将模拟所得空调全年运行序列用于建筑能耗模拟的过程中，有助于建立基于实际建筑运行特征的建筑节能和室内热环境优化方法.

关键词：空调使用特征阶段;空调运行模式;随机运行序列;模拟

中图分类号：TU243                          文献标志码：A

Abstract：Based on the theory of evidence-based design， the usage behavior of air conditioners by different occupants in a case building is measured， and the typical running modes in different operating periods are put forward in this paper. By the Monte Carlo method， the annual operation sequence of air conditioners is simulated. Taking the annual average operation time of air conditioner as a checking parameter， the simulation results are compared with the actual measured results of different room types under cooling and heating conditions， separately. The error rate of the simulation results is lower than 5.5%， and thus the rationality and practicability of the simulation method are verified. The input of the stochastic operation sequence of air conditioners is helpful to work out the energy-saving and thermal environment optimization strategies based on the actual operating characteristics in building energy simulation.

Key words：operating periods of space heating and cooling seasons;running modes of air conditioners;stochastic operation sequence;simulation

建筑室内人员行为是影响建筑能耗的重要因素之一，不同的用能行为所产生的建筑运行能耗不同. 建筑能耗模拟软件在学术及工程领域的应用都十分广泛，用以预测建筑能耗及评价建筑节能技术措施. 然而模拟中通常使用的固定作息模式难以准确反映出实际用能行为对于建筑运行能耗的影响，并常常与实测结果产生较大的偏差，从而导致某些技术措施实际应用的节能效果在建筑能耗模拟软件的应用下得不到正确评估[1]. 可见用能行为设置的合理性限制了建筑能耗模拟的准确性，进一步影响基于模拟结果的节能优化策略的评估和决策. 为了合理描述用能行为，国内外学者展……