吴建坤　余祥峰　林俊滨　洪志阳　　　　　

摘要：特种设备安全监管是市场监管的重要组成部分，是直接关系民生安全与社会稳定的一项专业性工作。特种设备由于其危险性，一旦发生事故，極易造成人身伤亡或重大经济损失。然而，目前很多使用单位主体责任意识不强，对特种设备管理不够规范，监管难度巨大。食药局、工商局、质监局三个部门的合并，完全打破原有的监管格局，职能、机构、资源重新优化组合，监管更加高效。论文以厦门市为例，对新形势下特种设备安全监管工作进行分析，探索依靠原有的大平台，整合“三局”资源，提高特安监管水平与效率的模式，并针对目前存在的监管问题，提出提升监察效率的对策，为全国特安监管职能融合提供帮助和借鉴。

关键词：特种设备 监管 资源整合

Countermeasures to Improve the Efficiency of Special Equipment Safety Supervision in the New Era

Wu Jiankun1， Yu Xiangfeng2， Lin Junbin2， Hong Zhiyang2

（1. Market Supervision Administration of Haicang District， Xiamen;

2. Special Equipment Inspection and Testing Institute of Xiamen）

Abstract： As an important part of market supervision， special equipment safety supervision is a specialized job directly related to people's livelihood and social stability.  Because of its potential danger， accidents involving special equipment often result in great casualties or economic losses. Moreover， it is rather difficult to supervise special equipment because its management is often nonstandard due to its users weak sense of principle responsibility. The merger of the Food and Drug Administration， the Industry Administration， and the Quality Administration has completely broken the original regulatory pattern and greatly improved the supervision efficiency by re-optimizing and combining their functions， institutions， and resources. Taking Xiamen as an example， this article analyzes the special equipment safety supervision under the new situation， explores the new mode of relying on the original large platform to integrate the resources of the "three administrations" to improve the level and efficiency of special equipment safety supervision， and proposes strategies and countermeasures to cope with the current regulatory problems， so as to provide a guide and reference for the function integration of nationwide special equipment safety supervision.

Key words： special equipment， supervision， resource integration

1 引言

随着厦门市经济的不断发展，特别是近几年来，特种设备数量飞速发展。据统计，截至2021年1月，设备总量高达91627台。面对如此庞大的特种设备数量，专业监察人员显得数量不足。新形势下如何在有限人力、物力情况下，有效开展安全监察工作，提高企业安全管理水平，将直接影响到设备的使用安全和事故发生的风险概率。

国内学者对特种设备安全监察模式的研究，主要集中在特种设备安全监察理论和体制两方面。任小铁提出要加快建立完善的监管体系及改革和完善安全监管的模式[1]。张立文等提出在监察人员数量和资本配备都不足的情况下，只有将使用单位按风险等级进行分类，根据不同分类实施对应的监管模式，才能将有限的监管力量实现作用最大化[2]。……