李朝阳 聂宗省 孙腾飞 吕慧 冉昆

摘 要：‘金如意黄山楂是费县当地发现的一个实生变异品種，表现果面金黄、味香甜、成熟早、挂果时间长、鲜食加工兼用等特点。果实扁圆形，平均单果重12.7 g，果实金黄色，果面光滑有光泽，果点小，果肉浅黄色，质地绵软，酸甜爽口、香气浓郁，品质上等，可溶性总糖含量8.9%，可滴定酸含量1.0%，糖酸比8.9，维生素C含量71.5 mg/100 g，并含有丰富的钙、铁、钾、锌等矿质元素。常温下可保存20 d，冷库储存长达6个月以上。在山东费县3月上旬开始萌芽，4月中旬盛花期，8月底果实成熟，比‘大金星早50余天，采摘期可持续到9月下旬，11月下旬开始落叶，果实发育期130 d左右。生产中采用宽行密植、加强肥水管理、采用开心形或主干形、精细花果管理、病虫综合防控等优质高效栽培技术，可生产出高质量果品。

关键词：黄山楂;‘金如意;选育;栽培技术

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）02-0083-04 中图分类号：S661.5 文献标识码：A

Abstract：‘Jinruyi yellow hawthorn is a local variation variety found in Feixian， with the characteristics of golden surface， sweet taste， early maturity， long picking period， and good for fresh and processing. The fruit is oblate， with the average fruit weight of 12.7 g. The fruit is golden yellow， smooth and glossy， with small fruit spots， light yellow flesh， soft texture， sweet and sour taste， rich aroma and high quality. The content of total soluble sugar is 8.9%， the titratable acid is 1.0%， the sugar to acid ratio is 8.9， and the vitamin C is 71.5 mg/100 g， as well as rich in calcium， iron， potassium， zinc and other mineral elements. It can be stored for 20 days at room temperature and more than six months in cold storage. In Feixian area， buds begin to sprout in early March， bloom in mid-April， and fruit matures at the end of August，more than 50 days earlier than ‘Dajinxing. The picking period lasts until late September， and leaves begin to fall in late November. The fruit development period is about 130 days. High quality fruits can be produced by adopting high-quality and efficient cultivation techniques， such as wide-row dense planting， strengthening fertilizer and water management， adopting open-hearted or trunk-shaped tree structure， fine flower and fruit management， and integrated pest control.

Keywords：yellow hawthorn; ‘Jinruyi; breeding; cultivation technology

山楂营养丰富、药食同源，具有健胃、消食、补脾、解毒、活血、散淤等功效，因适应性强、寿命长、用途广，作为一种重要经济树种广泛栽培[1]。但目前传统栽培的山楂品种普遍含酸量高，不适宜鲜食;且大多为9月下旬至10月上旬成熟的中晚熟品种，上市时间过于集中，市场供应不连续[2];又因加工工艺落后，产品单调，严重制约了山楂产业的发展。因此，选育早熟、高糖低酸、香气浓郁、采摘期长、耐贮存、鲜食加工兼用的山楂新品种成为山楂产业的迫切需求[3]。

沂蒙山区是我国山楂的原生地之一[4]，栽培历史悠久，野生资源丰富，由于长期实生变异和自然杂交等原因，产生了许多地方优良品种。……