刘政海 董志刚 李晓梅 谭敏 杨镕兆 杨兆亮 唐晓萍

摘 要：葡萄冬季越冬是制约葡萄在中国北方发展的重要因素，研究不同品种在黄土高原地区的抗寒性，为葡萄越冬防御工作提供理论依据。通过采用芽段恢复生长法，利用5个酿酒葡萄发育良好的1年生枝条为试材，对芽段在0 ℃的对照及-10 ℃、-15 ℃、-20 ℃、-25 ℃、-30 ℃低温胁迫后，测定芽段愈伤组织生成率、萌芽率、芽段萌发芽长、芽段生根率、芽段平均根长，进行抗寒性分析和评价，结果表明：5个酿酒葡萄在低温胁迫低于-15 ℃后，萌芽率出现大幅度降低;‘品丽珠品种芽段萌发芽长在胁迫温度高于-15 ℃时平均芽长显著高于其他4个品种;‘威代尔葡萄在胁迫温度为-20 ℃时，愈伤组织生成率、萌芽率、生根率均显著高于其他4个品种，表现较高的抗寒性。研究结果可作为酿酒葡萄品种冻害的温度参考指标，对环境冻害监测、预警和防御能力具有重要意义，也为酿酒葡萄抗寒性育种、优良品种的推广应用提供理论参考。

关键词：酿酒葡萄;低温胁迫;恢复生长;芽段

文章编号：2096-8108（2021）02-0005-04 中图分类号：S663.1 文献标识码：A

Abstract：Overwintering of grapes in winter is an important factor restricting the development of grapes in northern China. The study of the cold resistance of different cultivars in the Loess Plateau provides a theoretical basis for the defense of grapes overwintering. Five well-developed 1-year-old branches of wine grape were used as the test materials by using bud segment recovery growth method. The cold resistance was analyzed and evaluated by measuring callus formation rate， germination rate， sprouting length， rooting rate and average root length of bud segment under the control of 0 ℃ and low temperature stress of -10 ℃，-15 ℃， -20 ℃，-25 ℃ and -30 ℃.The results showed that the germination rate of five wine grapes decreased significantly when the low temperature stress was lower than -15 ℃;When the stress temperature was higher than -15 ℃， the average bud length of Cabernet France was significantly higher than the other four cultivars; When the stress temperature was -20℃， the callus formation rate， germination rate and rooting rate of Vidal grape were significantly higher than the other 4 cultivars， showed higher cold resistance. The results of the study could be used as temperature reference indicators for frost damage of wine grape cultivars， which were great significance for environmental frost damage monitoring， early warning and defense capabilities， and also provided theoretical references for the cold resistance breeding of wine grapes and the popularization and application of excellent cultivars.

Keywords：wine grapes; low temperature stress; recovery growth; bud segment

葡萄凍害是限制葡萄在北方发展的重要因素之一，北方冬季严寒，葡萄需要埋土越冬，在开春出土后又容易受到晚霜的冻害，晚霜的冻害会导致当年产量和品质下降，甚至使多年生枝条受冻，需要多年才能恢复[1]。研究酿酒葡萄抗寒性，比较不同品种抗寒性差异，为地方引种提供依据，减少生产中不必要的损失。针对抗寒性研究，石游等[2]通过对1年生苹果枝条采用不同低温处理后恢复生长能力来反映苹果矮化砧抗寒性。……