党丽

摘 要：5083铝合金在船舶建造中广泛应用于海洋环境中，在高速、大流量和停滞状态下运行时易受腐蚀。为防止腐蚀，进行了固溶热处理。最佳热处理包括在400℃下加热试样90min，然后在水中冷却。此外，最佳的人工老化条件是在200℃下对试样进行120min的老化。用失重法测定热处理试样的腐蚀速率。浸泡试验已经进行了两周。用光学电子显微镜观察了热处理试样的显微组织。固溶热处理后，热处理试样的耐蚀性提高，硬度提高。经过处理后的电导率都有所提高，但溶质离子化除外，并且在163℃和16h条件下的双重老化中电导率最大。

关键词：AA5083;海水溶液;热处理;人工老化

中图分类号：TG146.21 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-5922（2021）05-0035-004

Study on Heat Treatment of Super High Strength Aluminum Alloy and Its Anti-aging Properties

Dang Li

（Shaanxi Institute Of Technology ， Xi an 710300， China）

Abstract：Aluminum alloy 5083 is commonly used in the ship building application in marine environment and susceptible to corrosion when they are run at high speed velocity， high flow rate condition and stagnate condition. Therefore， solution heat treatment was carried out to prevent corrosion. The optimal heat treatment involved heating specimens for 90 min at 400℃ and then cooling them in water. In addition， the optimal artificial aging condition involved aging specimens for 120 min at 200℃. The corrosion rates of the heat treated specimens were determined using weight loss method. The immersion test has done for 2 weeks. The microstructures of heat treated specimens have been observed using optical electron microscope. The corrosion resistance of heat treated specimens increased after solution heat treatment and the hardness of the specimens also increased. After treatment， the conductivity has been improved， except for solute ionization， and the conductivity is the largest in the double aging at 163℃ and 16 hours.

Key words：AA5083;seawater solution; heat treatment;artificial aging

0 引言

为了降低能源消耗和空气污染，人们对节能材料的需求越来越大，而铝的高强度、刚度重量比、良好的成形性、良好的耐腐蚀性和可回收性使其成为替代较重材料的理想材料。AA5083等可热处理铝合金在氯化物环境中易受局部腐蚀，如点蚀、缝隙腐蚀、晶间腐蚀、剥落腐蚀和应力腐蚀开裂。虽然金属是非常重要的工程材料，但其力学性能的严重倒退是腐蚀。因此，不受控制的腐蚀的影响不仅限于腐蚀效用本身的状态，而且深刻地影响着人类及其经济和社会。在某些情况下，腐蚀产物以一层薄薄的附着膜存在，这层附着膜只会弄脏或使金属失去光泽，并可能对进一步的腐蚀作用起到阻燃作用。在其他情况下，腐蚀产物体积大，多孔，不提供保护。腐蚀是工业中最严重的问题之一，每年造成数十亿卢比的损失。……