陈纯 蒋爱华

摘  要：随着“一带一路”建设的倡议，沿线国家来华留学生激增，也带来了留学生跨文化适应问题的挑战。文章基于64位高职“一带一路”国家留学生深度访谈发现，留学生跨文化适应主要有语言适应、社会文化适应、学习适应、人际交往适应以及心理适应等方面。根据调查，文章提出了促进留学生跨文化适应的具体措施，即积极提升跨文化交流的心理适应能力，建立及完善多元化的跨文化管理机制，加强和健全留学生社会支持网络。

关键词：跨文化适应;留学生;对策

中图分类号：G710       文献标志码：A         文章编号：2096-000X（2021）09-0185-04

Abstract： With the "One Belt and One Road" initiative， the number of international students coming to study in China from countries along the route has increased sharply， which has also brought challenges to the cross-cultural adaptation of international students. The paper is based on in-depth interviews with 64 international students from the Belt and Road countries in higher vocational colleges. It is found that the cross-cultural adaptation of international students mainly includes language adaptation， social and cultural adaptation， learning adaptation， interpersonal communication adaptation， and psychological adaptation. According to the survey， the paper proposes specific measures to promote the cross-cultural adaptation of international students， namely， actively improve the psychological adaptability of cross-cultural communication， establish and improve a diversified cross-cultural management mechanism， and strengthen and improve the social support network for international students.

Keywords： cross cultural adaptation; international students; countermeasures

随着“一带一路”建设的推进与实施，沿线国家来华留学生激增，高职留学生教育规模空前壮大，但由于留学生个体差异，成长环境与留学目的地之间的文化差异，使留学生也面临各种各样跨文化适应的挑战，包括语言、人际关系、课程内容、日常生活等，留学生生理、心理适应相关问题日益凸显。高职留学生的适应问题引起了国内外学者关注，例如高职留学生语言能力如何？留学生在人际交往中主要障碍是什么？留学生专业课课程应该如何设置？留学过程中日常生活情况怎么样等问题都值得探讨。

“一带一路”国家来华留学生在宗教信仰、饮食习惯、思维价值等方面和中国学生有较大差异，由此可见留学生跨文化适应不仅直接影响其留学质量同时还是一个值得关注的社会问题，留学生从来源国所处的文化背景下进……