谭伟 白启昊

摘要：《固体废物污染环境防治法》中明确要求快递行业及电商平台要对快递包装进行回收，但快递包装回收是一个系统工程，必须依靠全社会通力协作才能完成。然而，该法中对于快递包装生产企业、消费者及相关政府职能部门等主体是否也应承担快递包装回收法律责任并未进行明确规定。文章首先分析了现行法律法规在认定快递包装回收责任主体中所存在的具体问题，并依据污染者责任承担理论、生产者责任延伸理论及公共信托理论，对消费者、快递包装生产企业以及政府职能部门在快遞包装回收中承担主体责任进行了论证。最后依据多方主体承担快递包装回收法律责任的特点，提出了共同但有区别的快递包装回收责任承担模式。

关键词：快递包装；回收责任；责任主体

中图分类号：TB48 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1400 （2021） 03-0048-05

基金项目：国家社会科学基金资助项目（18BFX176）

Research on the Legal Liability Subject of Express Package Recycling

TAN Wei， BAI Qi-hao（Hunan University of Technology， Zhuzhou 412000， China）

Abstract： It is clearly required in the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Prevention and Control of Solid Waste Pollution that the express industries and e-commerce platforms to recycle the express packages， but the recycling of express packages is a systematic project， which relies on the cooperation of the whole society. However， the law does not stipulate whether the express package manufacturers， consumers and relevant government departments should also take the legal liability of recycling the express packages or not. The thesis firstly analyzed the problems exist in the current laws in identifying the subject of responsibility for recycling the express packages. It then demonstrates that consumers， express packaging manufacturers and government departments should take the main responsibility in express packaging recycling in accordance with the theory of polluter with responsibility for the pollution， extended producer responsibility and the public trust doctrine. Finally， the thesis puts forward a common but different liability bearing model for express package recycling based on the characteristics of multiparty bearing legal liability for express packaging recycling.

Key words： express package； recycling responsibility； liability subject

对快递包装进行回收是解决快递包装污染环境和浪费资源问题的重要方式。第一，回收是对快递包装进行循环利用的先决条件，只有通过回收才能确保快递包装的闭环利用，有效节约快递包装资源。第二，通过回收，便于集中对快递包装废弃物进行无害化处理，能够有效防止快递包装中有害物质扩散。第三，加强快递包装回收在实现快递企业节能减排目标及促进快递企业可持续发展等方面也具有较好效用。但从行为的方式来看，快递包装回收要求承担责任的主体必须做出一定积极行为。……