杨婵 宋鄂平

摘 要： 对山区水电站项目分建设时期、防治责任分区进行水土保持综合效益定量动态评价，分析水土保持措施防治效果。以鹤峰县咸盈河为例，对实际监测数据，采用调查分析和文献阅读的方法，从水土流失影响因子、水土流失防治因子和植被恢复三个方面选取10个评价指标因子，构建层次模型。利用yaahp软件计算权重，采用因子加权求和法计算水土保持综合效益。试运行期水土保持综合效益（4.706 0）大于建设期（2.215 4），增幅为1.12。从防治责任分区来看，试运行期的水土保持综合效益都大于施工期。鹤峰县咸盈河水电站项目水土保持措施取得了很好的治理效果，其水土保持措施可为其他山区水电站项目作为参考。

关键词： 山区水电站项目;层次分析法;水土保持;综合效益动态评价

中图分类号：S157   文献标识码：A   文章编号：1004-3020（2021）02-0071-06

Dynamic Evaluation of Comprehensive Benefits of Soil and Water Conservation for

Hydropower Projects in Mountations Areas——A Case in Hefeng County

Yang Chan Song Eping

（School of Forestry and Horticulture，Hubei Minzu University Enshi 445000）

Abstract：

The comprehensive benefits of soil and water conservation are evaluated quantitatively and dynamically according to the construction period and prevention responsibility division of hydropower stations in mountainous areas，and the prevention and control effects of soil and water conservation measures are analyzed. Taking Xianying River in Hefeng County as an example，10 evaluation index factors were selected from three aspects of soil erosion impact factors，soil erosion prevention and control factors and vegetation restoration by using the methods of investigation and analysis and literature reading. Yaahp software was used to calculate the weight，and the factor weighted sum method was used to calculate the comprehensive benefits of soil and water conservation in different construction periods and different control responsibility areas. The comprehensive benefit of soil and water conservation in trial operation period （4.706 0） was higher than that in construction period （2.215 4），with an increase of 1.12. From the perspective of prevention responsibility division，the comprehensive benefits of soil and water conservation in trial operation period are greater than those in construction period. The soil and water conservation measures of xianyinghe hydropower station project in Hefeng County have achieved good control effect，and the soil and water conservation measures can be used as reference for other hydropower projects in mountainous areas.

Key words： Hydropower project in mountainous area;AHP;water and soil conservation;Dynamic evaluation of comprehensive benefits.

21世紀，国家对自然环境和自然资源的保护高度重视，提出了“保护绿水青山，就是保护金山银山”的理念。水土资源是人类的生存之本，更是保护的重中之重。水电资源作为一种可再生的清洁能源，国家制定了优先发展战略，因此水电资源得到了前所未有的发展机遇导致水电工程建设如雨后春笋般拔地而起[1-2]。特别是小型水电站具有建设周期短、投资少、效益显著等特点，在山区更是得到了迅猛发展[3]。虽然水电资源的开发能带来巨大而直接的经济效益，但由于水电工程在建设过程中具有地表扰动面积大、强度高、降低乃至丧失原有土地的水土保持功能，从而造成随着施工期变化而发生显著变化的严重的水土流失[4-6]。……