湖北松材线虫病发生概况和防治对策
2021-06-17徐小文许秀环罗治建周席华蔡明乾王义勋
徐小文 许秀环 罗治建 周席华 蔡明乾 王义勋

摘 要: 本文概述了近年来湖北省松材线虫病发生历史、发生现状、发生规律和致病机理;分析了松林组分相对单一、极端不利气候、物流频繁和基础设施建设、技术支撑不够等因素对湖北松材线虫病影响,导致该病害呈跳跃式爆发趋势;并提出了强化政府主导责任、加强科技攻关力度、提高防治队伍素质和推进社会化防治等建设性意见,以期为有效防控湖北松材线虫病蔓延提供理论参考。
关键词: 松材线虫病;扩散规律;防治措施;湖北省
中图分类号:S43 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1004-3020(2021)02-0054-06
Occurrence and Control of Pine Wood Nematode Disease in Hubei
Xu Xiaowen(1) Xu Xiuhuan(1) Luo Zhijian(2) Zhou Xihua(2) Cai Mingqian(3) Wang Yixun(1)
(1.Hubei Academy of Forestry Wuhan 430075;2.Hubei Forestry Pest Control and Quarantine Station Wuhan 430079;
3.Wuhan Forestry Science and Technology Extension Station Wuhan 430024)
Abstract: the occurrence history,present situation,occurrence law and pathogenic mechanism of pine wood nematode were summarized in this paper in Hubei province in recent years,and analyzes the influence of many factors,such as relatively single composition of pine forest,extremely unfavorable climate,frequent logistics and infrastructure construction,insufficient technical support,etc.,which leads to the jump outbreak trend of pine wood nematode in Hubei Province.Some constructive suggestions were also made in order to provide theoretical reference for the effective prevention and control of the spread of pine wood nematode in Hubei Province,including strengthening the leading responsibility of the government,strengthening scientific and technological efforts to tackle key problems,improving the quality of control team and promoting socialized prevention and control.
Key words: pine wood nematode disease;diffusion law;control measures;Hubei province
松材线虫病是世界上最具危险的毁灭性森林病害之一[1-2]。该病害最早在日本发生,直至1971年才确认病原为松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus。截至目前,该病害已在日本、韩国、中国、葡萄牙、西班牙、美国、加拿大和墨西哥等亚洲、欧洲和北美洲多个国家扩散和蔓延,造成当地松林大面积死亡,导致巨大的经济损失,并对生态安全造成极大威胁[3-4]。中国松材线虫病最早于1982年在南京中山陵发现,随后全国多个省份相继发现该病害,截至2019年12月31日,松材线虫病已扩散蔓延至18个省250个县666个疫区,受害松林面积超66.67万hm2,造成直接经济损失和生态服务价值损失达上千亿元[5-6]。其中,湖北松材线虫病于1999年在恩施市首次发现,随后不断扩散蔓延,发生面积和疫点个数呈持续上升趋势,截至2019年12月31日,湖北省已有81个县415个乡镇级疫点[7]。面对当前松材线虫病发生危害的严峻形势,本文简要概述了湖北省松材线虫病的发生概况及原因分析,并对湖北松材线虫病防治措施提出了合理化建议,以期为今后该病害科学防控提供参考。……
