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核桃细菌性黑斑病研究进展

2021-06-17陈雯雯毛雅慧李峰

湖北林业科技 2021年2期

陈雯雯 毛雅慧 李峰

摘 要: 核桃具有丰富的营养价值以及保健功能,是重要的经济林树种。核桃病害有30多种,核桃细菌性黑斑病是核桃生产中最主要的病害之一,在我国乃至世界范围内广泛流行。其病变特征多样,果实受害程度最为严重,严重影响了核桃的产量和品质。本文针对其危害症状、病原物、侵染机制、病原菌基因分型及遗传多样性、致病机理、病害防治等方面进行概括性综述,旨在为核桃细菌性黑斑病的深入研究以及开发新的绿色生防药剂提供理论参考,并在深入分析国内外研究现状的基础上,提出对核桃细菌性黑斑病未来的研究方向和应用前景的展望。

关键词: 核桃;核桃细菌性黑斑病;病原菌;病害防治

中图分类号:S436.64   文献标识码:A   文章编号:1004-3020(2021)02-0047-07

Progress on Walnut Bacterial Black Spot

Chen Wenwen(1,2) Mao Yahui(2) Li Feng(1)

(1.School of Life Science and Technology,Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan 432000;2.Hubei Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Characteristic Fruits and Vegetables,Hubei Engineering University Xiaogan 432000)

Abstract: Walnuts are an important non-timber forest species,rich in nutritive value and health care function.There are more than 30 types of walnut disease,and bacterial black spots of walnut are one of the most important diseases in walnut production.It is widespread in my country and even the world.Its pathological characteristics are diverse,and the fruit suffers the most serious damage,which seriously affects the yield and quality of walnuts.The authors provides a general review of its harmful symptoms,pathogens,infection mechanism,pathogen genotyping and genetic diversity,pathogenic mechanism,disease prevention,etc.,aiming to provide in-depth research and development of new walnut bacterial black spot disease.The green biocontrol agents provided theoretical reference,and on the basis of in-depth analysis of the research status at home and abroad,put forward the future research direction and application prospects of walnut bacterial black spot.

Key words: Juglans regia;walnut bacterial black spot;pathogens;disease control

核桃Juglans regia因其具有丰富的营养价值及保健功能位居世界坚果之首,是重要的经济林树种,也是我国分布范围最广、栽培历史最悠久的干果树种和木本粮油树种[1],同时中国也是世界核桃原产中心之一[2]。截止2015年栽培面积占全球49.1%,居全球栽培面积和产量首位,截止2018年国家林业局公布了74个国家级核桃示范基地名单[3]。近年,随着中国核桃果树栽培面积的增加加重了管理难度、栽培经营方式的转变使核桃生长生态环境发生变化,以及大面积对早实薄皮核桃品种的推广[4,5]等因素加剧了核桃病虫害的发生。核桃病害种类繁多,严重影响着核桃的产量和品质,目前已知核桃病害有30多种,而其中最为严重的病害是炭疽病,黑斑病和溃疡病。……

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