王其竹 田德秀 唐尚成 陈远雄 廖舒 徐朝煜 徐永杰

摘 要： 为提高核桃高接成活率，比较了是否保留多年生辅养枝和不同比例当年生小辅养枝对嫁接成活率的影响。结果显示：①在嫁接部位下方保留1个多年生大辅养枝能显著提高成活率，较不保留情况下成活率提高18.34%;②在保留1个多年生大辅养枝基础上，高接部位附近保留0和1个当年生小辅养枝，高接成活率分别达到80.12%和79.11%，显著高于其他处理;③相关性分析表明，高接成活率与砧木髓心直径及其占砧木枝条面积比例呈极显著负相关关系，相关系数分别为-0.697 18和-0.545 27。结论：要提高核桃高接成活率，一方面要保留一个多年生大辅养枝来促进树体蒸腾，另一方面需要培养健壮树势，重短截后促发健壮充实的当年生枝。

关键词： 核桃;辅养枝;高接;成活率

中图分类号：S664.1   文献标识码：A   文章编号：1004-3020（2021）02-0028-03

Effect of Auxiliary Branches on Survival Rate of Walnut High Grafting

Wang Qizhu（1） Tian Dexiu（2） Tang Shangcheng（3） Chen Yuanxiong（3） Liao Shu（1） Xu Chaoyu（1） Xu Yongjie（4）

（1.Baokang county Walunt Technology Extension Center Xiangyang 441600;

2.Forestry Work Station of Huangbao Town in Baokang County Xiangyang 441600;

3.Baokang County Forestry Bureau Xiangyang 441600;

4.Hubei Academy of Forestry Wuhan 430075 ）

Abstract： In order to improve the survival rate of walnut high grafting，this paper compared the effects of whether or not to keep the perennial auxiliary branches and different proportion of small auxiliary branches on grafting survival rate.The results showed that：①the survival rate was increased by 42.32% compared with that without preservation;②the survival rate of high grafting reached 80.12% and 79.11% respectively，which was significantly higher than other treatments;③The correlation analysis showed that the survival rate of high grafting had a significant negative correlation with the diameter of pith and its proportion to the branch area of rootstock，and the correlation coefficients were -0.697 18 and -0.545 27，respectively.Conclusion：

In order to improve the survival rate of walnut high grafting，on one hand，it is necessary to keep a large auxiliary branch of perennial growth to promote tree transpiration.On the other hand，it is necessary to cultivate strong tree vigor and promote the development of robust current year branches after heavy cutting.

Key words： walnut;auxiliary branches;high grafting;survival rate

中國核桃资源丰富，栽培广泛，是中国重要的经济林树种，面积、产量居世界第一[1]。前期规模发展很快，出现的品种不适应，实生苗建园，品种退化，早实核桃比例过大等问题，需要换种改造。高接换种是一项见效快、成本低的重要改造方法。前人在核桃嫁接方法[2，3]、嫁接时期[4]、接后管理[5]等方面研究很系统全面[6]，而辅养枝对核桃高接的影响未见报道。本文研究了辅养枝对高接成活率的影响，旨在进一步完善高接换种技术体系，提高品种化栽培程度和核桃种质资源的保护和利用，促进山区农民增收。

1 材料与方法

1.1 试验地概况