李细牛 刘学全 王常红 韩锦菊

摘 要： 为给困难立地造林提供技术支撑，笔者对丹江口库区柏树生长的主导因子和生长过程进行了分析。结果表明，丹江口库区的柏树生态林优势树种以柏木和侧柏为主（分别占60.87%和36.25%）。影响侧柏林分平均高的主导因子为土层厚度、土壤类型和坡度;最宜于侧柏生长的主导因子组合分别为：土层>20 cm，黄棕壤类，坡度≤15°;土层>20 cm，石灰土类，坡度≤15°。无论侧柏还是柏木，都更适宜于黄棕壤类土壤，但在石灰土类土壤上造林，选择侧柏比选择柏木成活率高，成林更早，后期生长更快。

关键词： 柏树生态林;主导因子;生长过程;丹江口库区

中图分类号：S727.21   文献标识码：A   文章编号：1004-3020（2021）02-0006-05

Study on Dominant Factors and Growth Process of Cupressus funebris Ecological

Forest in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

Li Xiniu（1） Liu Xuequan（2） Wang Changhong（3） Han Jinju（4）

（1.Shiyan City Forestry Technology Promotion Center Shiyan 442000; 2.Hubei Academy of Forestry Wuhan 430075;

3.Hubei Daba Mountain Forest Ecosystem Research Station Shiyan 442000;

4.Shiyan City Forestry Survey Planning and Design Institute Shiyan 442000;

5.Shiyan City Yunyang District Forestry Bureau Shiyan 442000）

Abstract： In order to provide technical support for afforestation on difficult sites， the dominant factors and growth process of cypress ecological forest in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area were analyzed. The results showed that the dominant species of cypress ecological forest in Danjiangkou Reservoir Area were mainly Cupressus funebris and Platycladus orientalis（60.87% and 36.25%）.  The main factors affecting the mean height of Platycladus orientalis stand were soil layer thickness， soil type and slope. The most suitable combination of dominant factors for the growth of Platycladus orientalis is： The thickness of soil layer is more than 20 cm， the soil type is yellow brown soil， the slope is less than 15 degrees， and the thickness of soil layer is more than 20 cm， the soil type is calcareous soil， the slope is less than 15 degrees.Both Platycladus orientalis and Cupressus funebris are more suitable for yellow brown soil， but in calcareous soil， platycladus orientalis is more suitable for afforestation than for Cupressus funebris.

Key words： Cupressus funebris ecological forest;dominant factors;growth process;Danjiangkou Reservoir Area

丹江口库区是南水北调中线工程核心水源地。历史上，库区曾水土流失严重，生态一度恶化。经过九十年代消灭荒山、绿化达标和防护林工程建设大力造林，库区生态得到根本改善，森林覆盖率大幅提高。但由于区域内局部地段土层薄，坡度大，自然禀赋极差，虽经多年多次造林，却始终未能成林达标。为了啃下库区造林绿化的硬骨头，各级林业部门启动了精准灭荒三年行动，在丹江口库区造林困难地段兴建精准滅荒示范点。笔者对丹江口库区柏树Cupressus funebris生态林的立地因子和生长过程进行分析，为给困难立地造林提供技术支撑。

1 材料与方法

1.1 区域概况

丹江口湖北库区，包括十堰市张湾区、丹江口市、郧西县和郧阳区（110°48′～ 111°35′E，32°14′～ 32°58′N），属于亚热带半湿润季风气候区，四季分明，热量丰富，雨热同季，年降雨量750 mm左右，年蒸发量为1 979.1 mm。土壤……