王亚群?朱绍峰

摘 要：外墙外保温系统是建筑节能领域重要的技术措施之一。外墙外保温技术的推广和使用，使建筑外围结构的热损耗不断减小。经过多年的研究，外墙外保温技术迅速提高，推广应用更为广泛。但在实际使用时却存在开裂、脱落等诸多问题，造成该现象的原因很多，其中温度应力是造成外墙外保温系统产生破裂的重要因素。本文对近年来环境对外墙外保温系统失效影响的研究进行总结，阐述黏结层、保温层、抹面层在不同环境下材料的物理性能，结合冷热与干湿循环分析外墙外保温系统失效的原因，同时对外墙外保温系统中温度应力的研究趋势进行展望。

关键词：外墙外保温系统;温度;湿度;温度应力;裂缝

中图分类号：TU761.12文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2021）05-0092-04

Abstract： External wall thermal insulation system is one of the important technical measures in the field of building energy saving. With the popularization and use of external thermal insulation technology， the heat loss of the outer structure of the building is continuously reduced. After years of research， external thermal insulation technology has rapidly improved， and the promotion is more extensive. However， there are many problems such as cracking， falling off when practical use， which have many reasons for this phenomenon， and the temperature stress is an important factor in which the outer insulation system produces cracks.This paper summarized the research on the influence of environment on the failure of external wall external insulation system in recent years， expounded the physical properties of materials in different environments， analyzed the failure reasons of external wall external insulation system combined with cold heat and dry wet cycle， and prospected the research trend of temperature stress in external wall external insulation system.

Keywords： external thermal insulation system;temperature;humidity;temperature stress;crack

1 研究背景

隨着人民对美好生活需求的日益增长，节能、环保、减排意识不断提高，减少建筑外围结构能耗刻不容缓。外墙外保温技术是实现建筑节能的一种方式。外墙外保温系统是由保温层、防护层和固定材料构成的非承重保温构造的总称。它具有保温隔热、避免冷桥、增加室内空间等优点。但是，建筑主体外围结构常常经受自然环境的影响，如昼夜温差、雨水、冰雹、结露等现象引起保温体系的冷热循环和干湿循环，因此，外保温系统各结构层会产生应力。太阳辐射、材料自身的碱腐蚀和外界微生物的腐蚀也会导致外墙保温体系开裂、空鼓、剥落，影响工程结构耐久性和建筑外围的美观，甚至威胁人的生命安全。……