扎西吉 才让吉 许地元

【摘 要】 目的：對青海省治多县进行第四次中（藏）药资源普查工作 摸清药用植物资源现状 为中（藏）药材合理保护和开发利用提供科学的理论依据。方法：以全国中药资源普查技术规范为指导 通过野外样地调查、标本采集等方法深度了解治多县中药资源的分布、种类、数量等具体情况。结果：本次治多县共调查药用植物208种 隶属47科 其中种数较多的为菊科、毛茛科、豆科 占治多县药用植物资源34.62%;药用植物多为草本 占所有药用植物92.30%;药用部位以全草为主 占总数的85.58%;药性以寒性的药用植物居多 占总数的43.27% 药味以苦味类药用植物居多 占总数的36.54%。208种药材中仅有6种药材为2015年版中国药典收载药用植物;此次发现的208种药材中有5种药材是中国珍稀濒危植物;当地的药用植物全为野生。结论：该区域平均海拔高 生态环境脆弱 濒危物种较多 应科学有效地保护现有药用资源 加强采挖管控 建立保护区 大力发展药用植物野生抚育和人工种植 以保证野生资源的再生与繁衍。

【关键词】 治多县;中藏药;资源普查

Abstract：Objective The fourth general survey of Chinese （Tibetan） medicine resources was conducted in Zhiduo County， Qinghai Province to find out the current situation of medicinal plant resources and provide a scientific theoretical basis for the rational protection， development and utilization of Chinese （Tibetan） medicinal materials. Methods Under the guidance of National Technical specifications for the survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources， the distribution， type and quantity of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Zhiduo county were deeply understood by means of field plot investigation and specimen collection. Results Through the investigation， it was found that there were 208 species of medicinal plants in Zhiduo County， belonging to 47 families. Among them， Compositae， Ranunculaceae and Leguminosae have more species， accounting for 34.62% of the medicinal plant resources in Zhiduo County; Most of the medicinal plants are herbs， accounting for 92.30% of all medicinal plants; The medicinal parts are mainly whole herbs， accounting for 85.58% of the total; The medicinal properties are mainly cold in nature，accounting for 43.27% of the total， and bitter medicinal plants are the majority，accounting for 36.54% of the total. Of the 208 species of medicinal materials， only 6 are included in the 2015 Edition of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia; 5 of the 208 species discovered are rare and endangered plants in China; all the local medicinal plants are wild. Conclusion The average altitude of this region is high， the ecological environment is fragile， and there are many endangered species in this region. Therefore， the existing medicinal resources should be scientifically and effectively protected， exploration and control should be strengthened， protection areas should be established， and wild tending and artificial planting of medicinal plants should be vigorously developed to ensure the regeneration and reproduction of wild resources.

Keywords：Zhiduo County; Traditional Chinese and Tibetan Medicine;General Survey of Resources

藏医药距今有3800多年的历史 是中华民族传统医药体系的重要组成部分 藏药产业是青海省的特色产业。经过30多年产业化发展 青海全省已拥有20余家现代化藏药生产企业 年产值突破30亿元[1]。青藏高原作为藏医药的发源地 其藏药资源蕴藏量与藏医药事业的可持续发展有直接关系 但其藏药材资源分布情况尚不完全清楚。……