郭羽 梁攀 李昌虎

【摘 要】 目的：考察白族药用植物千斤坠的安全性 以及寄生在红色和白色杜鹃灌丛下不同来源的千斤坠是否存在毒性差异。方法：小鼠单次灌胃给药 连续观察小鼠体重及毒性反应;对死亡小鼠主要脏器做组织切片检查;HPLC分析两种粗提物是否存在差异。结果：测得白花杜鹃下的千斤坠粗提物LD50为15.1 g/kg 并对心、肝、肺、肾等脏器有不同程度损伤;红花杜鹃下千斤坠粗提物未测得LD50;HPLC分析结果显示两种样品主成分差异不明显。结论：寄生在红、白花色杜鹃灌丛下的千斤坠存在安全性差异 白花杜鹃下寄生的千斤坠急性毒性显著 存在致死性;红花杜鹃下寄生的千斤坠则未发现致死性。研究结果与白族药用记载基本吻合。

【关键词】 千斤坠;粗提物;急性毒性;杜鹃;不同花色

Abstract：Objectives To explore the safety of the Bai Medicine， Qian-Jin-Zhui （Boschniakia Himalaica）， and to study the differences of the safety between the Qian-Jin-Zhuigrowing under azaleas trees with the red flower and white flower. Methods After single intragastric administration in mice，the weight and toxicity of mice were observed.The main organs of the testing mice were dissected and analyzed. The chemical differences between the two crude extracts of the Qian-Jin-Zhuiwere checked by means of high performance liquid chromatograph （HPLC）. Results The LD50 of crude extract of Qian-Jin-Zhui harvested under the azaleas with white flower was 15.1 g/kg， and it also caused the damages to heart， liver， lung， and kidney in different degrees. The LD50 of crude extract of the Qian-Jin-Zhui found under the azaleas with red flower could not be measured. HPLC analysis of the extracts indicated that there were no significant differences between the major constituents of thetwo samples. Conclusion There were safety differences between the Qian-Jin-Zhui growing under the azaleas with different flower colors. The Qian-Jin-Zhui growing under the azaleas with white flower was toxic and could cause death， while the lethality of the Qian-Jin-Zhui growing under the azaleas with red flower was not observed. This conclusionwas basically consistent with the records about Qian-Jin-Zhui from Bai medicines.

Keywords：Boschniakia Himalaica;Crude Extract;Acute Toxicity; Rhododendron Plants; Flowers With Different Colors

千斤墜（Boschniakia himalaica）为列当科草苁蓉属植物 又名丁座草 俗称枇杷芋、寄母怀胎 生于海拔2200～4600 m的高山林下或灌丛 寄生于杜鹃根上或松树根上;产云南大部分地区 大理有分布[1]。在白族医药中称为“荒优脂”（洱源）“德厚优”“继荒优”（云龙）“洋荒其”“瘦专脂”（剑川）“千荒优”（云龙关坪）[1] 具有理气、止痛、止咳、祛痰、消胀、健胃等功效 用于胃痛、腹痛、跌打损伤、风湿关节痛等病症[1];文献检索结果显示 该植物是否具有毒性方面记录较为混乱 多数文献未进行任何说明 少部分文献史料则显示该植物有小毒 其中尤以《白族惯用植物药》相关记录最为详尽[1]：“本品有毒。①据经验认为 服后能促使四肢汗出而邪去。……