蔡嵘　于晓胜

摘 要： 十多年来我国食用菌产量快速增长，食用菌总产量占全球75%以上。2004—2018年，河南食用菌产量、出口量连续居全国第一。河南自然资源、生产成本的优势，以及相关政策和科研创新的推动，形成了河南食用菌出口贸易发展的有利因素;但由于规划缺位、研发力量薄弱、工厂化发展滞后，河南食用菌在国际市场上还存在品种单一、结构单一、市场过于集中的问题。为此，建议突出食用菌产业的战略地位，做好顶层设计，充分利用好“一带一路”的机遇和本省的资源优势，加强食用菌出口供应链管理，加大研发推广和产业升级力度，营造一流发展环境，提升食用菌国际市场品质，将河南食用菌供应链延伸到更多的国家和地区。

关键词： 食用菌; “一带一路”; 河南省; 出口贸易; 供应链

中图分类号： S646.1+4; 文献标志码： B 文章编号： 1673-2871（2021）04-136-05

Abstract： Over the past decade， the production of edible fungi in China has increased rapidly， and the total production of edible fungi accounts for more than 75% of the world. During this period， Henan's production and export of edible fungi continued to rank first in China. The advantages of natural resources and production cost in Henan， as well as the promotion of related policies and scientific research and innovation， have formed favorable factors for the development of Henan's edible fungus export trade; however， due to the lack of planning and being weak in the research capabilities and factory development， Henan edible fungi still have the problems of single variety， single structure and too concentrated market in the international market.Therefore， this paper suggests highlighting the strategic position of edible fungus industry， completing the top-level design and making full use of the strategic opportunities of the “The Belt and Road Initiatives” and the provinces resource advantages. Strengthening the management of the edible fungi export supply chain， as well as enhancing efforts to promote research and development and industrial upgrading， creating a first-class developmental environment， improving the quality of the edible fungus in the international market and extending the Henan edible fungus supply chain to more countries and regions.

Key words： Edible fungi; “The Belt and Road Initiatives”; Henan province; Export trade; Supply chain

进入21世纪以来，食用菌在日益丰富百姓餐桌的同时，已悄然成为中国农产品出口的利器。中国食用菌协会统计数据表明，2001—2018年，中国食用菌产量由876万t上升到3789万t，年均增长率为9%，近年来我国食用菌总产量占全球75%以上，在国际市场长期稳居第一[1]。其中，河南是我国食用菌第一大省，连续15年产量、产值、出口量居全国第1位[2]。食用菌也是河南出口贸易重要的商品之一[3]，2018年河南农产品、蔬菜的贸易顺差额分别为81.33亿元、98.85亿元，食用菌占河南蔬菜出口的80%以上[4]。河南食用菌出口对河南农业发展外向型经济、实现农产品贸易顺差发挥着重要的支撑性作用。……