张红　李俊华　王豪杰　翟文强　伊鸿平　EIZENBERGHanan　TADMORYaakov

摘 要：调查瓜列当对新疆甜瓜的危害，探索瓜列当化学防控方法，为瓜列当防治措施制定及实施提供技术支撑。以新疆伽师县4个甜瓜主产乡镇为代表，调查瓜列当对甜瓜的危害程度及规律。结合新疆甜瓜栽培模式，进行2种除草剂各2种浓度对瓜列当的防治试验。调查的4个乡镇瓜列当都有不同程度的发生。甜瓜播种后50 d直到收获，都有瓜列当寄生危害。75%磺酰磺隆和甲基咪草烟都可用于对甜瓜列当的防治，磺酰磺隆效果优于甲基咪草烟。结合浇水冲施37.5 g a.i. ·hm-2 75%磺酰磺隆，是最有效的新疆甜瓜瓜列当化学防治的施用方式和浓度。

关键词：甜瓜;瓜列当（Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers.）;根寄生性杂草：除草剂：化学防治

中图分类号：S652 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）04-122-04

Abstract： The study explored harms of Orobanche aegyptiaca to melon （Cucumis melo L.） planted in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region， China and their chemical control methods. The research aims to provide technical supports for formulation and implementation of control methods against O. aegyptiaca. Four main melon producing townships in Jiashi county， Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region were taken as representative areas to elucidate the extent and trend of harm caused by O. aegyptiaca to melon. In combination with cultivation patterns of melon therein， experiments were conducted to control O. aegyptiaca using two types of herbicides， separately， at two concentrations. Harms of O. aegyptiaca at different extents were found in all of the four main melon producing townships. Harms of O. aegyptiaca parasitism were seen throughout the growth of melon， a period of more than 50 days from planting to harvest. It was found that 75% sulfosulfuron and imazapic both can be applied to control O. aegyptiaca for melon and sulfosulfuron outperforms imazapic in terms of the control effect. Applying 37.5 g of 75% sulfosulfuron per hectare each time in irrigation water is proven as an effective chemical control method and effective concentration for protecting melon from O. aegyptiaca parasitism in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous region.

Key words： Melon; Orobanche aegyptiaca（Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers.）; Root parasitic weeds; Herbicide; Chemical control

甜瓜（Cucumis melo L.） 是世界十大水果之一，其營养丰富、果实甜美、气味芳香，备受人们喜爱。新疆是我国甜瓜次生起源地，也是我国甜瓜主产区之一，然而，在新疆甜瓜主产区都有不同程度的瓜列当危害[1]。瓜列当，又名埃及列当（Phelipanche aegyptiaca Pers.），俗称“瓜丁”，为一年生专性根寄生杂草。关于新疆瓜列当的报道，最早见于1963年[2]，半个多世纪以来，多位植保工作者对瓜列当的分布、危害及防治方法等进行了调查研究。

在甜瓜种植过程中，生长前期发育良好，但是，到6—8月瓜列当开始出土繁殖，甜瓜植株由于被寄生而不能正常生长发育，从而直接造成了瓜株萎缩和枯死，至使甜瓜减产或绝产。瓜列当种子在没有合适寄主时可在土壤中存活20 a（年）以上[3]，同时瓜列当种子从萌发到与寄主建立寄生关系均发生在寄主根部，待发现其危害后已对寄主造成严重损害。……