刘义华　曾静　莫言玲　陈静静　郭健　刘远芝

摘 要：为给笋子芥育种选择提供科学依据，采用灰色关联度分析、相关分析与通径分析对18份笋子芥种质资源肉质茎产量与10个农艺经济性状的关系进行研究。结果表明，笋子芥种质资源具较大遗传差异，各性状变异系数变化范围为8.76%～40%;肉质茎产量与叶鲜质量、营养生长期、开展度、肉质茎横径、茎/叶、最大叶叶长的灰色关联度较大，基本上呈显著或极显著正相关，其中，与叶鲜质量、营养生长期、肉质茎横径、开展度的相关系数较大，分别为0.936、0.933、0.865、0.858。叶鲜质量对肉质茎产量的直接效应（0.43）和总效应（0.936）均最大，是影响肉质茎产量最重要的性状，各性状对肉质茎产量直接作用大小依次为：叶鲜质量>茎/叶>肉质茎横径>肉质茎纵径>营养生长期>茎形指数>最大叶叶长>株高>开展度>最大叶叶宽。综上所述，笋子芥丰产性育种应在增大叶鲜质量的基础上，选择茎/叶较高、肉质茎横和纵径较大以及营养生长期较长的品种，改良效果较好。

关键词：笋子芥;农艺经济性状;肉质茎产量;灰色关联度分析;相关分析;通径分析

中图分类号：S637.3 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1673-2871（2021）04-112-05

Abstract： In order to provide references for Brassica juncea var. crassicaulis Chen et Yang breeding， 18 germplasm resources were used as materials to test the relationships between fleshy stem yield and 10 agronomic-economic traits by grey relationship and correlation path analysis. The results showed that the genetic difference in those 18 B. juncea germplasm resources was large， the coefficient of variation in each trait was between 8.76% and 40%; Correlation analyses showed that grey correlation between fleshy stem yield and leaf fresh weight， vegetative growth， development degree， stem transverse diameter， stem/leaf， the maximum leaf length were tightly， almost significant or extremely significant positive. Among them， the correlation coefficients with fresh leaf weight， vegetative growth， stem transverse diameter， and the degree of leaf expansion were larger， which were 0.936， 0.933， 0.865， and 0.858， respectively. The fresh leaf weight was the most important trait which affected fleshy stem yield， the direct effect was 0.43， and the total effect was 0.936. The importance of each traits which affected fleshy stems yield in sequence were as follows： fresh leaf weight > stem/leaf > stem transverse diameter > stem vertical diameter > vegetative growth > stem shape index > the maximum leaf length>height > development degree > the maximum leaf width. The high-yield breeding of B. juncea should be based on increasing leaf fresh weight， selecting higher index of stem/leaf， transverse and stem vertical diameter ， and longer period of vegetative growth.

Key words： B. juncea var. crassicaulis Chen et Yang; Agronomic-economic traits; Yield of fleshy stems; Grey relationship analysis; Correlation analysis; Path analysis

筍子芥（Brassica juncea var. crassicaulis Chen et Yang），又名棒菜、笋子青菜，属于茎用芥菜，是我国特有的蔬菜作物。笋子芥起源于四川盆地，主要分布在我国西南及长江流域，其中在四川盆地肉质茎膨大最为充分，是主要的食用器官，而在长江中下游地区则多为茎叶兼用型[1]。目前在四川、云南、贵州、湖南、浙江、福建和江西等地区已形成了较大规模的商品化特色蔬菜种植基地，极大地丰富了各地冬春时节蔬菜上市类型。