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叶面喷施氯化钙对海南高温季节水培生菜生长生理的影响

2021-06-02王博伟陈艳丽朱国鹏王旭杨雨刘金伟

中国瓜菜 2021年4期

王博伟 陈艳丽 朱国鹏 王旭 杨雨 刘金伟

摘 要:为了探索高温水培环境下叶面喷施氯化钙对生菜生长生理的影响,以辛普森精英散叶生菜为材料,在35 ℃/25 ℃(昼/夜)下设置4个氯化钙浓度1、3、5、7 mmol·L-1处理,以清水为对照。结果表明,与对照相比,5 mmol·L-1 氯化钙处理生菜最大叶宽、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量和抗氧化酶活性均显著提高,丙二醛含量和叶片相对电导率均显著降低。与对照相比,3 mmol·L-1 与5 mmol·L-1 氯化钙处理后生菜可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量,以及根系活力和叶色值均显著提高,但两处理间无显著差异。综合分析表明,35 ℃/25 ℃(昼/夜)环境下,叶面喷施氯化钙提高了生菜叶片抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,缓解高温胁迫对细胞质膜的伤害,促进生菜的生长,5 mmol·L-1 氯化钙处理效果最好。

关键词:水培生菜;氯化钙;高温胁迫;生长生理

中图分类号:S636.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1673-2871(2021)04-094-05

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of foliage spraying calcium chloride on lettuce growth and physiology under high temperature hydroponic environment, the Simpson Elite loose leaf lettuce was used as the test material, 4 calcium chloride concentrations of 1, 3, 5, 7 mmol·L-1 treatments at 35 ℃/25 ℃ (day/night)were set, and the clean water was used as control. The results showed that, compared with the control, the maximum leaf width, fresh weight above ground, fresh weight below ground and antioxidant enzyme activities of lettuce treated with 5 mmol·L-1 calcium chloride were significantly increased; the content of malondialdehyde and relative conductivity of leaves were significantly reduced. Compared with the control, the soluble protein, soluble sugar, proline content, root vigor and leaf color value of lettuce were significantly increased under 3 mmol·L-1 and 5 mmol·L-1 calcium chloride treatments, but there was no significant difference between the two treatments. According to the comprehensive analysis, under 35 ℃/25 ℃ (day/night) environment, spraying calcium chloride on leaves increased the antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment substance contents of lettuce leaves, alleviated the damage of high temperature to the cell plasma membrane, promoted the growth of lettuce. The 5 mmol·L-1 calcium chloride treatment showed the best effect.

Key words: Hydroponic lettuce; Calcium chloride; High temperature stress; Growth and physiology

生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)為莴苣属(Lactuca)蔬菜,原产地中海沿岸。生菜喜冷凉,不耐高温[1],最适宜生长温度为11~18 ℃。海南省地处热带地区,5—10月份平均气温27 ℃,在高温环境下生菜易抽薹,导致商品性降低[2]。高温对植物细胞膜保护酶系统和渗透调节物质有重大影响,往往导致其细胞内活性氧产生与清除平衡体系遭到破坏[3],产生过量自由基、膜脂过氧化,细胞膜透性改变,电解质外渗,进而对植株造成伤害[4]。

外源物质(如水杨酸、褪黑素、钙)处理在一定程度上能降低膜脂过氧化程度,保护细胞膜的完整性,缓解逆境对植株造成的伤害。钙是植物生长发育所必需的元素,对许多生理生化反应和代谢的调节和控制至关重要。……

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