倪静波，童毅华，李 星,3，夏念和*

(1.中国科学院华南植物园，广东省应用植物学重点实验室，广东 广州 510650； 2.中国科学院核心植物园保护生物学中心，广东 广州 510650； 3.中国科学院大学，北京 100049)

簕竹属(BambusaSchreber)隶属于禾本科(Poaceae)簕竹族(Bambuseae Kunth ex Dumort.)簕竹亚族(Bambusinae J. S. Presl)[1-2]，全世界约有145种[3]，主要分布于亚洲的热带及亚热带地区，热带地区广泛栽培，我国有81种，主要分布于华南和西南[4-5]。加上最近发表的绥江青竹(B.suijiangensisJ. B. Nietal.)，广东共有簕竹属植物62种，是全国簕竹属种类最多的省份[6-8]。目前，簕竹属分为4个亚属，即簕竹亚属(B.subgen.Bambusa)、绿竹亚属(B.subgen.Dengdrocalamopsis)、箪竹亚属(B.subgen.Lingnania)和孝顺竹亚属(B.subgen.Leleba)[5,7]。簕竹亚属全世界约有35种，我国有27种，主要分布于华南地区，其中广东具有国内大部分种类，种数达23种[5,7]。该亚属的主要特征为秆下部的分枝上具有小枝缩短成的硬刺或软刺，秆每节具1-3主枝，箨耳较大，箨片宿存等，且在该亚属中，国产已知具硬刺的种类仅有簕竹(B.blumeanaSchult. f.)、车筒竹(B.sinospinosaMcClure)、鸡窦簕竹(B.funghomiiMcClure)、小簕竹(B.flexuosaMunro)等4种[5,7]。

2021年12月我们在江门市江海区进行中药资源调查的过程中发现了一种广东未曾记录过的竹种。该种秆下部分枝上的小枝特化为硬刺，且分枝交织成网状，显系簕竹属簕竹亚属的成员。经与近似种的比对研究后发现，该种实为一个未被描述过的新种，因此在这里予以报道。

良智簕竹 新种(图1-2) Bambusa liangzhiana N. H. Xia, J. B. Ni & Y. H. Tong, sp. nov. (Figs. 1-2)

图1 良智簕竹Fig.1 Bambusa liangzhiana A.竹丛；B.秆下部分枝；C.秆芽及节；D.特化为反曲且尖锐硬刺的小枝；E.秆箨背面(左)和腹面(右)；F.末级具叶小枝；G.具叶小枝局部，示外叶舌、叶耳及鞘口繸毛.(A倪静波摄，B～C李星摄，D～G童毅华摄) A.Clump; B.Branches on lower culm; C.Culm bud and node; D.Branchlets forming tough, sharp and curved thorns; E.Culm leaf, abaxial (left) and adaxial (right) view; F.Ultimate foliage leaf branch; G.Part of foliage leaf branch, showing outer ligule, auricles and oral setae. (Photos A by J. B. Ni, B-C by X. Li and D-G by Y. H. Tong)

Diagnosis:Bambusaliangzhianais morphologically similar toB.funghomiiandB.sinospinosain branchlets on basal part of culm forming tough, sharp, curved thorns and relatively large culm leaf auricles, but differs in basal part of culm being straight, internodes, culm leaf sheath and sheath scar being glabrous, and culm leaf auricles being erect and obliquely ovate or ovate-oblong, hirtellous on both sides and protruding from the sheath margin prominently.

Arborescent bamboo. Rhizome pachymorph, short-necked. Culms erect, 12-15 m tall, 6-12 cm in diameter, drooping at apex; internodes cylindric, slightly swollen at base, slightly flattened on one side above branches, 25-30 cm long, green, thinly white-powdery and tinged purplish when young, glabrous; wall 1.2-3 cm thick; nodes flat, glabrous; sheath scars raised, glabrous. Buds on culms ovate, with an oblique mucro at apex, prophyll ciliolate on the distal part of keels. Branches developing from 1st to 3rd node upwards, solitary on lower nodes, 3 to several at nodes of mid- to distal culm, the ones below 3-4 m curved downwards, with branchlets forming tough, sharp, curved thorns and densely interwoven, the ones at nodes of mid- to distal culm inclined at an angle of ca. 30 with the culm, the central one slightly dominant, 1.5-2 m long. Culm leaf sheaths tardily deciduous, leathery, 17.5-22 cm long, 6-13 cm wide at top, 21-26 cm wide at base, slightly white-powdery and ribbed in sicco abaxially, glabrous on both side, ciliolate on upper margin, apex broadly arched or centrally slightly projected, sometimes subtruncate, slightly oblique and asymmetrical; auricles large, obliquely ovate or ovate-oblong, erect, not reflexed, protruding from the sheath margin prominently, unequal, obviously wavy wrinkled, adnate to blade base, both surfaces hirtellous, margin with dense and curved setae that are up to 1.2 cm long, larger ones 2.5-3.5 cm long, 0.8-2 cm wide, smaller ones 1.0-2.5 cm long, 0.8-1.2 cm wide; ligules 3-5 mm tall, margin serrulate, shortly fimbriate, fimbria up to 5 mm long, easily deciduous; blades erect, green when fresh, ovate-triangular, 4.4-10.6×2.5-6.6 cm, base slightly narrowed and extending outward, connected with auricles, lower margin ciliolate, upper margin glabrous and involute, apex acuminate, adaxially sparsely brown or black hispidulous, more so at base, abaxially glabrous. Foliage leaves (5-)8-13(-17) per ultimate branch; sheaths glabrous, rarely hispidulous on upper part, ciliolate along outer margin; outer ligule obvious, ca. 0.5 mm high, with very short ciliola on margin; auricles elliptic, 0.8-1 mm wide, 0.3-0.5 mm high, oral setae white, up to 9 mm long, caducous; inner ligule subtruncate, short, ca. 0.2 mm tall, puberulous abaxially, margin serrulate and ciliolate; pseudo-petioles 1-1.5 mm long, puberulous at base adaxially, glabrous abaxially; blades lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, papery, 5-20×1.2-2.3 cm, glabrous on both sides, apex acuminate, base cuneate to obtuse, margins serrulate on both sides, secondary veins 5-7 pairs, transverse veins not seen. New shoots June-September. Inflorescence unknown.

Type: CHINA. Guangdong: Jiangmen City, Jianghai District, Baishuidai Park, 22°34′47″N, 113°6′33″E, elev. 54 m, 3 December 2021, N. H. Xia et al. LX101 (holotype: IBSC).

图2 良智簕竹Fig.2 Bambusa liangzhiana A.末级具叶小枝；……