石德杨 李艳红 袁堂玉 矫岩林 赵健 董树亭 夏德君

摘要 以黃淮海区普通玉米国家区域试验的对照品种郑单958为试验材料，设67 500、82 500株/hm2 2个种植密度水平和0、180、270 kg/hm2 3个施氮量水平，研究种植密度及施氮量对夏玉米淀粉粒分布及淀粉糊化特性的影响。试验结果表明，种植密度、施氮量单因子及其交互作用对玉米淀粉粒的体积分布存在显著影响，且施氮量是影响淀粉粒体积分布的主要因素。增加施氮量，<3.5 μm与3.5～7.4 μm 淀粉粒体积比下降，>7.4 μm淀粉粒体积比增加;随着氮肥用量增加，籽粒产量、粒重、总淀粉含量、支链淀粉含量，以及玉米淀粉的峰值黏度、谷值黏度、最终黏度、崩解值、回复值增加;相反，籽粒直链淀粉含量、直/支比以及玉米淀粉的峰值时间、糊化温度降低。种植密度与施氮量对淀粉粒体积分布的影响效果相反。该研究中，在种植密度82 500株/hm2、氮肥用量270 kg/hm2条件下，玉米籽粒淀粉平均粒径较大，大型淀粉粒比例较高，其糊化特性和淀粉组成较优，且能兼顾籽粒产量。

关键词 玉米淀粉;种植密度;施氮量;粒度分布;热力学特性

中图分类号 S513文献标识码 A

文章编号 0517-6611（2021）08-0035-04

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.08.010

开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effects of Planting Densityand Nitrogen Application Rate on the Starch Granule Size Distribution and Pasting Properties of Summer Maize

SHI De-yang1，2，LI Yan-hong2，3，YUAN Tang-yu1 et al （1.Institute of Cereals and Oil Crops，Yantai Academy of Agricultural Sciences，Shandong Province，Yantai，Shandong 265500;2.Agronomy College of Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology，Tai′an，Shandong 271018;3.Soil and Fertilizer Station of Yantai Agricultural Technology Promotion Center，Yantai，Shandong 264000）

Abstract Taking Zhengdan 958，a control variety in the national regional test of normal maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Region，as the experimental material，two planting density levels of 67 500 and 82 500 plants/hm2 and three nitrogen application rates of 0，180，and 270 kg/hm2 were set to study the effect of planting density and nitrogen application rate on the starch granule size distribution and pasting properties of summer maize.The results showed that the starch granule size distribution was significantly affected by the single factor and interactions of plant density and nitrogen rate，and nitrogen rate was the major factor that change the granule size distribution.With the increase of nitrogen application rate，the starch granule volume ratio of < 3.5 μm and 3.5-7.4 μm decreased，and the starch granule volume ratio of > 7.4 μm increased;as the amount of nitrogen fertilizer increases，grain yield，grain weight，total starch content，amylopectin content，as well as the peak viscosity，trough viscosity，final viscosity，breakdown and setback value of corn starch increased;on the contrary，the amylose content，amylose/branched ratio，peak time and gelatinization temperature of corn starch decreased.The effect of planting density and nitrogen application rate on the volume distribution of starch grains was opposite.In this study，under the condition of planting density of 82 500 plants/hm2 and nitrogen fertilizer rate of 270 kg/hm2，the ratio of large starch was higher，which resulted in better gelatinization properties and starch composition，and the grain yield could be taken into account.

Key words Maize starch;Planting density;Nitrogen rate;Granule size distribution;Thermodynamic characteristic

玉米籽粒中含有70%～75%的淀粉，是我国淀粉生产的主要原料。2018年，我国玉米淀粉产量达2 815万 t，占淀粉总产量的94.0%。玉米淀粉以颗粒态存在于籽粒胚乳中，其大小、分布是淀粉重要的品质性状，对淀粉的理化特性有显著影响[1-4]，同时受品种、生长环境及栽培措施等的协同控制[4-5]。种植密度与施氮是夏玉米产量增加和品质改善的重要栽培措施[6-9]。……