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胃肠道间质瘤的诊疗进展

2021-05-07毛瑞昭刘盼谭胜连长红

中国医学创新 2021年3期
关键词:手术

毛瑞昭 刘盼 谭胜 连长红

【摘要】 胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)可累及胃肠道任意部位,其临床表现不明显且无特异性,早期诊断相对困难。随着GIST体积增大,术前相关辅助检查可帮助明确诊断。一方面,近年来消化内镜和影像技术的飞速发展对GIST早期检出率的提高具有极其重要的作用;另一方面,随着人们对GIST发病机制的不断探究,以伊马替尼为代表的分子靶向药物正普遍应用于GIST的临床治疗,与更智能、前沿的医疗器械一同推动着外科手术的改变和进步。本文就GIST的术前诊断及其治疗进展进行了综述。

【关键词】 胃肠道间质瘤 术前诊断 手术 靶向药物

[Abstract] Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract, its clinical manifestations are not obvious and specific, making early diagnosis relatively difficult. As GIST increases in size, preoperative relevant auxiliary examinations can help make a definite diagnosis. On the one hand, the rapid development of digestive endoscopy and imaging technology has played an extremely important role in improving the detection rate of GIST at the early stage in recent years; on the other hand, as people continue to explore the pathogenesis of GIST, molecular targeted drugs represented by Imatinib are widely used in the clinical treatment of GIST, together with more intelligent and cutting-edge medical instruments to promote the changes and progress of surgery. This article reviewed the preoperative diagnosis and treatment of GIST.

[Key words] Castrointestinal stromal tumor Preoperative diagnosis Surgery Targeted drugs

First-authors address: Heping Hospital Affiliated to Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi 046000, China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.03.044

胃腸道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumor,GIST)起源于胃肠道固有肌层及其周围肌间神经丛的蠕动起搏细胞,即Cajal细胞,是胃肠道最常见的间叶源性肿瘤。其突变基因主要为c-KIT及血小板源性生长因子受体α多肽(platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha,PDGFRα)。GIST在我国的总体发病率并不确切,对我国南方地区的一项多中心研究行回顾性分析发现,GIST患者男女比例为1.15∶1,中位年龄为58岁(18~95岁),主要发生在胃(64.5%)、小肠(25.1%)、结肠(5.1%)和食道(1.9%),另有约3.3%出现在网膜、肠系膜、后腹膜等腹腔内其他软组织[1]。受相关突变基因驱动,GIST具有潜在恶性,与肿瘤部位、大小及核分裂数相关。GIST临床风险分层可分为非常低、低、中、高,不同分层生存期不同[2]。GIST在细胞形态上主要表现为梭形、上皮样及混合型,免疫组化通常可见CD117、DOG1等呈弥漫性表达,根据两者一般可明确诊断,必要时加以分子检测。自从人们认识到GIST的致癌基因,酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)已成为主要用药方案,外科治疗策略也随之不断发生变化。……

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