考虑复杂气象变化的智能船舶动态航线规划方法
2021-04-30吴恭兴王凌超郑剑汪超
吴恭兴 王凌超 郑剑 汪超



摘要:
鉴于恶劣海况将引起船舶失速、剧烈横摇甚至倾覆,为避开恶劣海况区域,提出一种考虑复杂气象变化的智能船舶动态航线规划方法。通过改进A*算法的启发式函数,将风、浪对船舶失速的影响加入路径代价值的估算中,进而规划出一条避开恶劣海况的动态航线。跨北大西洋的航线规划仿真结果表明:本文提出的动态航线规划方法可以将船舶的跨洋航行时间缩短18.17%,并且能有效地避开风浪较大的危险海域。运用该动态航线规划方法能缩短船舶航行时间,节约航行成本,提高航运企业的经济效益。
关键词:
动态规划; 航线优化; 气象要素; A*算法; 智能船舶
中图分类号: U661.32+2; TP273
文献标志码: A
Dynamic route planning method for intelligent ships considering
complex meteorological changes
WU Gongxinga,b, WANG Lingchaob, ZHENG Jianc, WANG Chaob
(a.College of Ocean Science and Engineering; b.Merchant Marine College;
c.School of Transport & Communications, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China)
Abstract:
In view of the fact that the severe sea conditions will cause ships to stall, roll violently and evencapsize, in order to avoid the severe sea condition areas, an intelligent ship dynamic route planning method that takes into account complex meteorological changes is proposed. By improving the heuristic function of the A* algorithm, the influence of wind and wave on ship stall is added to the estimation of the path cost value, and a dynamic route to avoid severe sea conditions is planned. The simulation result of the route planning across the North Atlantic shows that the application of the dynamic route planning method proposed in this paper can shorten the sailing time of ships across the ocean by 18.17%,and can effectively avoid the dangerous sea areas with large wind and waves. Using this dynamic route planning method can shorten the sailing time, save the shipping cost, and improve the economic benefit of shipping companies.
Key words:
dynamic planning; route optimization; meteorological element; A* algorithm; intelligent ship
收稿日期: 2020-11-01
修回日期: 2020-12-02
基金項目:
国家自然科学基金(51309148,51709166);上海海事大学基金(20130433)
作者简介:
吴恭兴(1983—),男,江西广昌人,讲师,博士,研究方向为船舶操纵与控制,(E-mail)wugx@shmtu.edu.cn
0 引 言
目前,国际贸易中85%以上货物的运输是通过海运完成的[1],然而随着全球气候不断变暖,极端天气出现的频率逐渐升高,海难事故屡屡发生。调查结果显示,从20世纪90年代至今,恶劣气象环境所导致的船体、货物损毁事故数占船舶事故总数的33%,即恶劣海况已成为船舶受损的主要原因[2]。另外,智能船舶技术的开发,应考虑船舶在海上气象变化情况下的动态航线规划,在保证船舶航行安全的前提下,减少智能船舶在风浪中的航速损失,提高航运企业的经济效益。
船舶航速会受到风浪环境的影响[3-4],因此,在规划船舶航线时,需要考虑海上气象条件。……
