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东部沿海城市阿尔茨海默病直接经济负担及相关因素分析

2021-04-30史美君陈中鸣赵袁志郑宏邱聪龙郑成应连国民周东升

中国现代医生 2021年8期
关键词:影响因素

史美君 陈中鸣 赵袁志 郑宏 邱聪龙 郑成应 连国民 周东升

[摘要] 目的 了解阿尔茨海默病(AD)患者直接经济负担的影响因素,为减轻患者、家庭及社会的经济负担提供依据。 方法 采用整群抽样方法选取宁波市已确诊的阿尔茨海默病患者180名作为研究对象,对其家属、护理员及相关的管理者进行问卷调查,对获得的数据进行单因素和多因素等统计学分析。 结果 AD患者家庭支付费用、社保支付费用、直接治疗费用、直接非治疗费用、直接经济负担中位数分别为47 584元/年、14 775元/年、38 557元/年、39 120元/年、70 800元/年。单因素分析发现,性别、职业、居住地、文化程度、医疗保险、开支主要方面、MMSE评分、失语失用失认、伴有BPSD(精神行为症状)、大小便失禁有无、三高(高血压、高血脂和糖尿病)有無和确诊年数等对直接经济负担的影响差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素分析发现,居住地、MMSE评分、确诊年数、主要开支方面和文化程度等对直接经济负担的影响更显著。 结论 AD患者有较重的经济负担,影响AD患者直接经济负担的因素有很多方面,应完善医疗保险政策,采取综合的预防和治疗方案,减轻其经济负担。

[关键词] 阿尔茨海默病;直接经济负担;直接治疗费用;直接非治疗费用;影响因素

[中图分类号] R749.16          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)08-0131-06

Analysis of the direct economic burden and related factors of Alzheimer's disease in the eastern coastal cities

SHI Meijun   CHEN Zhongming   ZHAO Yuanzhi   ZHENG Hong   QIU Conglong   ZHENG Chengying   LIAN Guomin   ZHOU Dongsheng

Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo   315201, China

[Abstract] Objective To understand the influencing factors of the direct economic burden of Alzheimer's disease(AD) patients, and provide a basis for reducing the economic burden of patients, families and society. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to select 180 patients with Alzheimer′s disease in Ningbo city as the research objects. Questionnaire surveys were conducted on their family members, caregivers and related managers. Single factor and multiple factor statistical analysis was performed on the obtained data. Results The medians of family payment, social security payment, direct treatment cost, direct non-treatment cost, and direct economic burden of AD patients were 47 584 yuan/year, 14 775 yuan/year, 38 557 yuan/year, 39 120 yuan/year, and 70 800 yuan/year, respectively. Single factor analysis found that the influence of gender, occupation, place of residence, education level, medical insurance, main aspects of expenditure, MMSE score, aphasia, apraxia, agnosia, accompanied by BPSD(psycho-behavioral symptoms), presence or absence of incontinence, three high(high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia and diabetes) on the direct economic burden was statistically significant(P<0.05). Multi-factor analysis found that residence, MMSE score, number of years of diagnosis, major expenditures and education level had more significant impacts on the direct economic burden. Conclusion AD patients have a heavy economic burden. There are many factors that affect the direct economic burden of AD patients. The medical insurance policy should be improved, and comprehensive prevention and treatment plans should be adopted to reduce their economic burden.

[Key words] Alzheimer′s disease; Direct economic burden; Direct treatment costs; Direct non-treatment costs; Influencing factors

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer disease,AD)是一种多因素导致的神经系统退行性疾病,主要表现为记忆、智能等认知功能进行性下降,对患者自身生存质量、家庭生活功能、家庭生活负担都造成显著影响[1]。其是痴呆最常见的类型,占痴呆总数的60%~80%,其发病率和死亡率逐年增加,目前已是列为美国的第六大死因,在我国则排名第五。2019年世界AD报告指出,全球痴呆患者超过5000万人,平均每3秒就有1例罹患痴呆,预计2050年将突破1.52亿人,其中60%~70%为AD患者。我国痴呆患病人数2018年已达1000万,其中600万为AD患者,是全球AD患者数量最多的国家。……

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