基于“痰瘀毒结、因癌致虚”论治老年食管癌
2021-04-29朱洪兵曾普华郜文辉王亚琪袁坤
朱洪兵 曾普华 郜文辉 王亚琪 袁坤
〔摘要〕 食管癌是全球范围内的高发肿瘤之一,而我国人口老龄化是食管癌发生的一大危险因素。因老年食管癌患者的临床特点,使得其治疗手段较年轻患者相对受限。中医作为老年食管癌重要治疗手段之一,其不良反应相对较少,老年患者更能耐受。曾普华教授认为老年食管癌的关键病机为“痰瘀毒结、因癌致虚”,以“益气健脾、化瘀解毒、攻毒散结”之法治之,临床疗效显著。
〔关键词〕 老年食管癌;痰瘀毒结;因癌致虚
〔中图分类号〕R273 〔文献标志码〕A 〔文章编号〕doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-070X.2021.01.019
〔Abstract〕 Esophageal cancer is one of the most common tumors in the world. However, the aging of population is a major risk factor for esophageal cancer in China. Due to the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with esophageal cancer, the treatment is relatively limited compared with young patients. As one of the important treatment methods for senile esophageal cancer, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has relatively few side effects, making elderly patients more tolerable. According to professor Zeng Puhua, the key pathogenesis of senility esophageal cancer is "combination of phlegm stasis and toxin, deficiency caused by cancer", and should be treat with "replenishing qi to invigorate the spleen, removing blood stasis and toxin", which has a significant clinical effect.
〔Keywords〕 senile esophageal cancer; combination of phlegm stasis and toxin; deficiency caused by cancer
食管癌是全球范圍内的高发肿瘤,每年约有46万新发病例,40万的死亡病例。我国食管癌发病率较高,发病占全球一半以上[1]。最新研究统计2014年我国食管癌发病人数约为25.8万,发病率约为18.85/10万,肿瘤相关病死率约为14.11/10万[2]。目前,其发病趋势倾向老年化,有研究显示在75~80岁之间达到发病高峰[3]。食管癌属于中医学“噎膈”范畴,古代医著中噎膈又名“膈”“膈噎”“膈气”。《素问·通评虚实论》曰:“隔塞闭绝,上下不通,则暴忧之病也。”《素问·阴阳别论》曰:“三阳结谓之隔。”《素问·至真要大论》曰:“饮食不下,鬲咽不通,食则呕。”《医贯·噎膈论》曰:“噎膈者,饥欲得食,但噎塞迎逆于咽喉胸膈之间,在胃口之上,未曾入胃,即带痰涎而出。”虽然随着医学的发展,治疗手段多样化,生存期较以往有所延长,但食管癌的整体预后差,5年生存率仅为15%左右[4]。老年性食管癌患者存在疾病隐匿性较强,合并症及基础疾病较多,且体质虚弱等特点,导致大多患者无法耐受常规手术、放射或化学治疗,而中医不良反应较少,对于老年患者来说更易耐受,生活质量更好。……
