史国庆 张同钰

摘 要：为保证建筑物正常运行，避免由于质量问题引发的灾难性事故，泄水建筑物用材必须保证抗冲磨与抗空蚀性能。对此，研究351纯聚脲与高硬度纯聚脲2种抗冲磨聚脲防护材料，采用高速水砂法与水下棱石法对含悬移质与推移质水流的冲磨条件进行模拟，分析聚脲防护材料的抗冲磨性能，与此同时，研究材料在强空蚀作用下的抗空蚀性能。结果显示，喷涂聚脲防护材料可以显著提高泄水建筑物工程用混凝土的抗冲磨与抗空蚀性能，且351喷涂纯聚脲防护材料的抗冲磨与抗空蚀性能优于高硬度喷涂纯聚脲防护材料。

关键词：泄水建筑物;351纯聚脲;高硬度纯聚脲;抗冲磨性能;抗空蚀性能

中图分类号：TB33;TU502 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1001-5922（2021）07-0120-04

Experimental Analysis of Anti-corrosion Performance of Polyurea Protective Materials in Release Structure

Shi Guoqing， Zhang Tongyu

（Xianyang Vocational Technical College， Xianyang 712000， China）

Abstract：In order to ensure constructions normal operation， and avoid disastrous accident due to quality problem， the materials that used by release structure must ensure wear-resisting and cavitation erosion resistances. So， two kinds of anti-abrasion polyurea protective materials of 351 pure polyurea and high strength pure polyurea were studied， and uses high speed water sand method and underwater ribstone method to simulate rushed grinding conditions that conclude suspended load and bed load. Analyze polyurea protective materials wear-resisting performance. At the same time， it also researches its cavitation resistance under the role of strong cavitation erosion. Results show that spraying polyurea protective material can significantly improve the anti-abrasion and cavitation erosion performance of concrete used in spillway building engineering，， and 351 spraying pure polyurea protective material has better anti-abrasion and anti-cavitation performance than high-hardness spraying pure polyurea protective material.

Key words：release structure;351 pure polyurea;high strength pure polyurea;wear-resisting performance;anti-cavitation performance

對于很多河流而言，它们的泥沙含量都较高[1]，而高速含沙水流对过流面的冲磨与空蚀破坏以水工泄水建筑物常见的危害形式而存在，它们会导致泄水建筑物表层材料剥落、配筋外露，影响正常运行，严重的还会引发灾难性事故[2]。图1所示为黄河上龙羊峡、万家寨泄水建筑物表面蚀损，表现出冲磨与空蚀复合破坏特征[3]。在工程规模日益扩大的背景下，我国高坝下泄水流已达到50m/s级的超高流速，泄水建筑物冲磨与空蚀问题越来越突出[4]。为了实现对这一工程技术难题的有效缓解，很多学者围绕水力学与材料学等展开丰富研究，提出采取如掺气减蚀[5-6]、高强混凝土抗蚀[7]等措施的建议，在一定程度上取得了减蚀抗蚀的效果。……