吴子帅　罗翠萍　李虎　罗群昌　陈传华　朱其南　周新明　吴佳桔　刘广林

摘要：【目的】開展氮高效型优质常规稻品种筛选，为生产上氮高效型优质常规稻品种选用及改良提供亲本材料。【方法】以58个广西和46个广东历年通过审定的优质常规稻品种为材料，依据不同供试品种在不施氮（N0）和施氮（N1）下的产量，将供试品种分为4种氮效率类型，进一步分析其中双高效型品种的产量、氮肥偏生产力和相对产量，筛选出氮高效型水稻品种。【结果】104个供试品种产量、氮肥农学利用率、氮肥偏生产力和相对产量间均存在极显著的变异（P<0.01，下同）。在N0处理下供试品种产量间的变异系数为18.83%，在N1处理下供试品种产量、氮肥农学利用率和氮肥偏生产力间的变异系数分别为11.01%、34.96%和11.01%，供试品种相对产量间的变异系数为17.16%。分别以供试品种在N0和N1处理下的产量平均值为横、纵坐标，将供试品种分双高效型品种27个、高氮高效型品种34个、双低效型品种30个和低氮高效型品种13个。27个双高效型品种中，有11个品种在N0或N1处理下的产量与平均值差异不显著（P>0.05，下同），其余16个品种在2种氮处理下产量和氮肥偏生产力均显著（P<0.05，下同）或极显著高于供试品种平均值，其中除茉丰占1号、南桂占和华航38号外，其余13个品种的相对产量均超过0.70。【结论】桂育9号、桂育8号、桂育11号和黄华占等16个品种为氮高效型品种，可在推进水稻生产化肥减施增效和遗传改良培育氮高效品种中应用。

关键词： 水稻;品种;优质常规稻;氮高效;氮肥农学利用率;氮肥偏生产力;相对产量;筛选

中图分类号： S511                               文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2021）01-0063-07

Abstract：【Objective】To screen nitrogen-efficient high-quality conventional rice varieties. It provided parent mate-rials for the improvement of high-quality nitrogen-efficient rice varieties for production. 【Method】The test materials were 58 high-quality conventional rice varieties that have been approved in Guangxi and 46 in Guangdong. The test varieties were divided into four types of nitrogen efficiency according to the yield level of each test variety under the treatment of no nitrogen application（N0） or nitrogen application（N1）. Analyzed the yield， partial factor productivity and relative yield of the efficient-efficient varieties among the test materials to obtain nitrogen efficiency rice varieties. 【Result】There were extremely significant variation in yield， agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer， partial factor productivity and relative yield among the test varieties（P<0.01， the same below）. The coefficient of variation of test varieties yield was 18.83% under N0. The coefficients of variation for yield， agronomic efficiency and partial factor productivity of test varieties were 11.01%， 34.96% and 11.01% under N1. The coefficient of variation for relative yield of test varieties was 17.16%. The average yield of the tested varieties under N0 and N1 treatments was taken as the vertical coordinate，  the test varieties were divided into 27 efficient-efficient varieties， 34 inefficient-efficient varieties， 30 inefficient-inefficient varieties and 13 inefficient-efficient varieties. Among the 27 efficient-efficient varieties， the yield of 11 efficient-efficient varieties was not significant differences  compared with the average under N0 treatment or N1 treatment（P>0.05， the same below）. The yield and partial factor productivity of the rest 16 varieties were significantly（P<0.05， the same below） or extremely significant higher than the average of the test varieties.  In these 16 varieties， the relative yield of other 13 varieties were exceeding 0.70. 【Conclusion】Sixteen varieties including Guiyu 9， Guiyu 8， Guiyu 11 and Huanghuazhan are nitrogen-efficient varieties. They can be used in promoting rice production to reduce fertilizer application and increase efficiency and genetic improvement to breed nitrogen-efficient varieties.

Key words： rice; variety; high-quality conventional rice; nitrogen-efficient; agronomic efficiency of nitrogen ferti-lizer; partial factor productivity; relative yield; screening

Foundation item：National Key Research and Development Program of China（2018YFD0200302）;Key Research Project and Development of Guangxi（Guike AB1850041）;Science and Technology Development Project of Central Gui-ding Local（Guike ZY19183020）

0 引言

【研究意义】氮是水稻植株多种重要化合物的组成元素，生产中大量氮肥投入对水稻产量的增长发挥重要作用（张福锁等，2008）。我国稻田氮肥投入量较大，施入田间的氮肥主要通过氨挥发、反硝化、淋洗和径流等方式流失，导致我国稻田氮肥利用率不足40%，过量施氮在增加农业投入成本的同时，也带来环境污染和病虫害加剧等一系列问题（孙志广等，2019）。随着水稻种植结构的调整及消费市场需求的多样化，绿色环保、外观品质和食味品质俱佳且产量高的优质常规稻品种备受市场青睐，导致其种植面积逐步扩大（李虎等，2017）。因此，开展氮高效型优质常规稻品种的筛选对水稻化肥减施增效生产及遗传改良培育氮高效品种具有重要意义。……