梁经威 许荣君 田伟光 徐佳林 张永林

摘 要：本文采用扫描电子显微镜、直读光谱仪等对冷轧冲压用节镍奥氏体不锈钢盆进行微观组织形貌以及成分的分析。结果表明：基体碳含量偏高是导致不锈钢冲压开裂的根本原因，其主要与连铸阶段的冷却强度、拉速，热轧阶段的加热温度、加热时间等工艺有关。通过数据分析，确立了节镍不锈钢的最佳生产工艺：连铸拉速为1.0～1.2m/min，结晶器宽面冷却强度为2350L/min、结晶器窄面冷却强度370L/min，二冷Ⅱ区冷却强度为170L/min以内，加热炉加一段温度1100℃～1160℃、加二段温度1260℃～1280℃、均热段温度1265℃～1285℃，总时间≥200min。该措施实施后，节镍不锈钢因裂纹导致的脱皮缺陷降级率由14.8%降低至2.4%，为冷轧冲压用奥氏体不锈钢提供了品质的保障。

关键词：冷轧冲压;奥氏体不锈钢;裂纹

中图分类号：TG142.71

Abstract：In this study，the microstructure，composition of austenitic stainless steel in cold rolling stamping were analyzed by scanning electron microscope and optical emission spectrometer.The results show that the high carbon content of the matrix is the root cause of the stamping cracking of stainless steel，which is mainly related to the cooling strength and pulling speed in the continuous casting stage，the heating temperature and heating time in the hot rolling stage.According to data analysis，the optimum production process of nickel-saving stainless steel was determined as：casting speed was 1.0 ～ 1.2 m/min，intensity of cooling for wide surface of crystallizer was 2350 L/min，the narrow surface was 370 L/min，intensity of secondary cooling zone II was 170L/min，first section of the heating furnace was 1100℃～1160℃，the second heating section was 1260℃～1280℃，the average heating section was 1265℃～1285℃，and the total heating time was no less than 200min.After the implementation of this measure，the degradation rate of peeling defects of nickel-saving stainless steel due to cracks was reduced from 14.8% to 1.5%，which provided quality assurance for austenitic stainless steel used for cold rolling and stamping.

Key words：cold rolling stamping;austenitic stainless steel;crack

随着建筑、五金制品、医疗器械等行业的不断发展，金属材料的需求量在稳步提升[1-3]。目前，应用最为广泛的金属材料仍以奥氏体不锈钢为主，但市场反馈表明：一些行业的不锈钢制品虽然仍需具备一定的耐蚀性和冷成形性，但已不再作为结构钢使用，如：食品、家居装饰等行业[4]。因此，在传统的304、316不锈钢不再满足多变的市场需求前提下，亟待寻找一种低成本、高性能的奥氏体不锈钢替代材料[5]。

节镍不锈钢作为一种低铬、锰、镍的奥氏体不锈钢，其具有较好的耐蚀性、耐热性和低温强度，生产成本相对较低，但冶炼、成型的过程中伴随内部裂纹的产生，从而导致冷轧不锈钢性能恶化、品质降级。……