APP下载

中国家庭育儿成本

2021-04-09刘娜李小瑛颜璐

人口与经济 2021年1期

刘娜 李小瑛 颜璐

摘 要:利用2016年CLDS和CFPS 数据,基于等价尺度Engel模型法和Rothbarth模型法,精确估算了中国家庭孩童抚育成本。研究显示,与仅有两个成人没有孩子的家庭相比,一孩家庭总支出将提高63.91%至67.62%,二孩家庭总支出将提高139.28%至149.99%(孩均提高69.64%至75%),二孩抚育并未显现出“规模经济”。家庭育儿成本随孩子年龄增大而提高,城镇家庭育儿成本普遍高于农村家庭,城乡家庭间存在基于人口特征的差异化支出偏好。基于中国育儿成本等价尺度测度的政府差异化育儿津贴补助模拟分析表明,发放差异化育儿津贴可有效缓解家庭育儿经济负担并缩小家庭间收入差距。

关键词:育儿;生活成本;等价尺度;福利

中图分类号:C92-05   文献标识码: A   文章编号:1000-4149(2021)01-0050-18

DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4149.2020.00.042

收稿日期:2020-03-22;修订日期:2020-07-05

基金项目:国家社会科学基金项目“生育政策调整、住户规模效应与中国家庭收入不平等研究”(16BJL041)。

作者简介:刘娜,湘潭大学商学院副教授,博士生导师;李小瑛,中山大学港澳珠江三角洲研究中心、粤港澳发展研究院副教授,博士生导师;颜璐,湘潭大学商学院硕士研究生。

The Child Costs in Chinese Family: A Welfare Estimate Using Equivalence Scale

LIU  Na1, LI  Xiaoying2,3, YAN  Lu1

(1.Business School,Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China;2.The

Center for Studies of Hong Kong, Macao and Pearl River Delta, Sun Yatsen

University, Guangzhou 510275, China;3.Institute of Guangdong, Hong Kong and

Macao Development Studies, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou 510275, China)

Abstract: Using 2016 CLDS and CFPS datasets, this essay accurately

estimates the household childcost in China using Equivalence Scale based on Engel Model and Rothbarth Model separately. It illustrates that, compared to childless couple, the total expenditure for onechild households in China usually rises from 63.91% to 67.62%, and 139.28% to 149.99% (69.64% to 75% per child) for the twochild households. There is no evidence for economies of scale in child breeding. In addition, the cost of children usually enhances when children grow up. It is generally higher in urban households than rural households, and there are various preferences in expenditure between urban and rural households based on demographic characteristic. The sinmlation analysis of government differentiated childcare allowance subsidy based on equivalent scale measure of childcare cost in China shows that, differentiated childrearing allowance can effectively alleviate the

economic burden of childrearing and narrow the income gap between families.

Keywords:child breeding;living costs;equivalence scale;welfare

一、引言

20世纪80年代以来实施的计划生育政策对控制我国人口规模起到了重要作用,但由此引发了超低生育率及随之而来的劳动年龄人口比重下降、人口老龄化加剧等严峻问题。鉴于对人口形势可能进一步恶化的谨慎预期,我国于2002年出台“双独二孩”政策,2013年进一步实施“单独二孩”政策,2016年再度全面放开二孩生育。然而,人口政策的逐步放宽并未带来生育率的大幅提升。……

登录APP查看全文