江良珍

摘 要 目的：分析江西省蓮花县3～9岁儿童蛲虫感染现状，为制定针对性防控策略提供依据。方法：于2016-2019年按照地理方位采用分层整群抽样方法随机抽取3～9岁儿童559人，其中男性267人，女性292人。运用透明胶纸肛拭法检查蛲虫卵。结果：在2016-2019年共筛查的559人中，检出蛲虫感染34人，总感染率为6.08%。4年间的年感染率差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。不同年龄组的蛲虫感染率以5岁组最高，感染率为11.59%；4岁组次之，感染率7.94%。不同职业蛲虫感染以幼托儿童最高，感染率达9.04%；其次为学生1.11%，在散居儿童没有发现蛲虫感染。蛲虫感染率最高前3位区域分别是坊楼镇、闪石乡、神泉乡，感染率分别为30%、16.67%、10%，有6个乡镇没有发现蛲虫感染儿童。不同性别和不同饮用水源之间儿童蛲虫感染率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论：江西省莲花县部分乡镇3～9岁儿童蛲虫感染较高，主要集中在4～5岁的幼托儿童。应采取加强健康教育，强化幼托机构的公共场所卫生和普查普治等综合性防控措施，防止儿童蛲虫的相互感染和自身重复感染。

关键词 蛲虫；感染；儿童

中图分类号：R532.13 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1006-1533（2021）06-0060-03

Investigation of pinworm infection among children in a county of Pingxiang， Jiangxi Province from 2016 to 2019

JIANG Liangzhen

（Lianhua County Center for Disease Prevention and Control of Pingxiang， Jiangxi province 337100， China）

ABSTRACT Objective： To analyze the status of pinworm infection among children aged from 3 to 9 years in Lianhua County， Jiangxi province， so as to provide the basis for formulating prevention and control strategies. Methods： From 2016 to 2019， 559 children from 3 to 9 years old were randomly selected using stratified cluster sampling based on geographic location， among them there were 267 males and 292 females. The cellophane anal swab method was used to check pinworm eggs. Results： A total of 559 people were screened from 2016 to 2019， 34 cases of pinworm infection were detected， with a total infection rate of 6.08%. The difference in the annual infection rate in 4 years was statistically significant（P<0.01）. The pinworm infection rate in different age groups was highest in the 5-year-old group， with an infection rate of 11.59%； the 4-year-old group followed， with an infection rate of 7.94%. The infection rate of pinworm in different occupation was the highest in children in kindergartens， with an infection rate of 9.04%； followed by 1.11% of students， no pinworm infection was found in scattered children. The top 3 pinworm infection rates were Fanglou Town， Shanshi Township， and Shenquan Township， with infection rates of 30%， 16.67%， and 10%， and there were no children infected with pinworm in 6 townships. There was no statistically significant difference in pinworm infection rates among children of different genders and different drinking water sources（P>0.05）. Conclusion： Pinworm infection is relatively high among children aged from 3 to 9 years in some towns in Lianhua County， Jiangxi Province， mainly in kindergarten children aged from 4 to 5 years. Comprehensive prevention and control measures should be adopted to strengthen health education， strengthen public place sanitation in childcare institutions， and general investigation and treatment to prevent mutual infection and repeated infection of pinworm in children.

KEY WORDS pinworm； infection； children

蛲虫呈世界性分布。由于其生活史简单和传染途径多样可致自身感染和在集体机构中通过密切接触形成反复交叉感染，是儿童常见寄生虫病之一。患儿常表现为烦躁不安、食欲减退、夜间磨牙、消瘦，年龄较小的幼儿更有夜间睡眠不安宁、反复哭闹的现象[1-2]，严重危害儿童身心健康。目前江西省莲花县还没有相关儿童蛲虫病的本底资料。2016-2019年江西省莲花县按照《江西省人体重点寄生虫病现状调查实施细则》开展了重点寄生虫病筛查[3]，筛查中仅发现蛲虫感染。本文旨在分析其中3～9岁儿童蛲虫感染现状，为科学防控提供依据。

1 对象与方法

1.1 对象

按照地理方位采用分层整群抽样方法随机抽取调查人群，从辖区内的东、南、西、北、中5片区中随机抽取一个乡镇（已抽取的乡镇下年不再重复抽取）作为筛查点，再从每个乡镇随机抽取一个行政村，以自然村（村民小组）为单位，整群抽取3～9岁周岁以上常住儿童（居住时间6个月以上）开展蛲虫筛查。……