关成尧 赵国春 刘晓燕 郑承志 白相东 姜纪沂 袁四化

摘 要：针对城市地质学中“天际线”地质规划工作需要，讨论城市建筑或大型工程建筑“应力泡”（或称建筑应力场）的几何学研究方法。在地层均质弹性假设条件下，针对圆形载荷构建 “中心应力法”绘制简易的“应力泡”及图形速查法相关图版，实现对地下空间“应力场”的规划，从几何学上实现“应力泡”和地下空间“沉积地质模型”对接。讨论了“建筑载荷应力场”的内涵及应用意义，应力场存在两种“场”的表达方法，一个是应力迹线，一个是等应力线。“应力泡”的理论内涵和功用涉及到地下空间沉积体的物性禀赋、全生命期建筑和地下应力场之间相互作用、（外加）“应力泡”和原位应力场的复杂的动态场变、地震动载荷与“应力泡”的相互作用、斜坡区地应力破坏、“应力泡”和流体场耦合动态变化等问题。“应力泡”分析既可以用于已经建设城市的建筑应力场（包络线）空间结构，也可以预测规划城市或工程的理论建筑应力场。

关键词：城市“天际线”;“应力泡”;建筑应力场;滑移线场;地质规划

Abstract： To meet the need of “skyline” geological planning in urban geology， this paper analyzes the geometric research method of “stress bubble” （or architectural stress field） in urban buildings or large engineering buildings. Under the assumption of homogeneous elasticity of stratum， a simple “stress bubble” and a graphic quick-check chart are drawn for the central stress method in a circular-shape construction， so as to realize the planning of underground space “stress field” ， and the matching of “stress bubble” with underground space “sedimentary geological model” geometrically. To discuss the connotation and application significance of “building load stress field”， there are two ways to express the stress field， one is the stress trace line， the other is the iso-stress line. Theoretical connotation and functions of “bubble stress” involves physical endowment of underground space sedimentary bodies， interactions between the whole life period buildings and the underground stress field， complex dynamic change of the “stress bubble” and in-situ stress field， interaction between the seismic dynamic load and “stress bubble”， slope destruction， and dynamic change of “stress bubble” and fluid field coupling and other issues. Stress bubble analysis can be applied to the spatial structure of the building stress field （envelope） of the already constructed cities， and predict the theoretical building stress fields in city and project planning.

Keywords： city “skyline”; “pressure（stress）bubble”; “building load stress field”; slip-line field; geological planning

2008年汶川地震慘痛的教训告诉我们，城乡规划工程地质工作是一项非常重要的工作， 可为城乡规划与布局、选址、规划用地评价等提供必要的基础资料，是城乡规划的基础（官善友等，2008）。近些年，城市地质迅速发展，城市地质规划中经常会涉及“天际线”问题，即城市土壤沉积物经过调查以后，确定可用于城市建筑最高载荷（楼层）的方法。……