陆权

摘 要：随着我国现代化的不断发展，城镇居民的生活水平不断提高，对各种交通工具的需求也在不断加大。同时，由于环境的逐渐恶化和人们环保意识的提高，越来越多人在出行时选择公交或者地铁等公共交通工具出行，因此，公交车驾驶的安全问题受到大家广泛关注。相关数据表明，驾驶员的违规驾驶是引起交通事故的重要原因，应从驾驶员的角度出发，分析公交车驾驶员安全与驾驶视觉特性的关系，有效保障公交车行驶的安全性。公交车驾驶员是驾驶行为的参与者，行驶过程中结合视觉信息操作驾驶行为。本文简要概述了驾驶员的视觉基本特性与疲劳驾驶、分心驾驶及驾驶经验对视觉特性的影响等方面，基于驾驶员的视觉特性影响因素进行研究和提出几点建议。

关键词：公交车驾驶员 视觉特性 驾驶行为

Analysis on the Visual Characteristics of Bus Drivers' Safe Driving

Lu Quan

Abstract：With the continuous development of modernization in China， the living standards of urban residents continue to improve， and the demand for various transportation tools is also increasing. At the same time， due to the gradual deterioration of the environment and the improvement of people's environmental awareness， more and more people choose public transportation such as buses or subways when traveling. Therefore， the safety of bus driving has attracted widespread attention. Relevant data show that driver's illegal driving is an important cause of traffic accidents. From the driver's perspective， the relationship between bus driver safety and driving visual characteristics should be analyzed to effectively ensure the safety of bus driving. Bus drivers are participants in driving behavior， and they operate driving behaviors in combination with visual information during driving. This paper briefly summarizes the basic visual characteristics of the driver and the influence of fatigue driving， distracted driving and driving experience on visual characteristics. Based on the influence factors of the driver's visual characteristics， the article conducts research and makes several suggestions.

Key words：bus driver， visual characteristics， driving behavior

驾驶员主要通过视觉途径获得信息，公交驾驶员在行使过程中需要不断地关注道路交通情况。相关数据表明[1]，视觉信息在驾驶员所获得地信息总数中占三分之二以上，因此，驾驶员的所有感官中眼睛是最重要的，视觉特性与驾驶安全关系密切。

驾驶员通过眼睛获取交通信息后，在经过大脑的处理之后进行反馈后驾驶员做出相应的反应。驾驶员有自主分析外界信息的能力，但是能够进行处理的信息数量受到感官持续时间的制约。每一个刺激人体的外界因素都存在一个临界值，该临界值受人体感官的紧张情况的影响较大。……