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粤紫萁离体再生技术研究

2021-03-30陈朋杨蕾蕾彭杨张苏州徐桂红杨建芬张寿洲

广西植物 2021年2期

陈朋 杨蕾蕾 彭杨 张苏州 徐桂红 杨建芬 张寿洲

摘要:粤紫萁(Osmunda mildei)为新近形成的自然杂交种,其分布区狭窄、种群个体数量少、有性繁殖能力极低。该文以孢子为外植体, 以MS、3/4MS、1/2MS和1/4MS为基本培养基,探讨不同生长调节剂对粤紫萁孢子萌发、原叶体增殖和孢子体形成的影响。结果表明:粤紫萁孢子中极少的可育孢子在植物生长调节剂的作用下,能够萌发并发育形成原叶体;原叶体生长及增殖的最适组合为1/2MS +1.0 mg·L1 6BA+0.05 mg·L1 NAA和1/2MS +1.0 mg·L1 6BA+0.5 mg·L1 IBA;在1/4MS基本培养基中,原叶体增殖的同时生长发育完善,形成正常的幼孢子体,形成率达83.49%;孢子体最佳生根配方为MS+0.5 mg·L1 IBA;组培苗在河沙∶黄土∶腐殖质=1∶1∶3的栽培基质中成活率在98%以上,且生长旺盛。综上结果,该研究为粤紫萁的人工繁育及其资源保护以及其他濒危蕨类植物的人工保育提供了参考。

关键词: 粤紫萁, 孢子, 原叶体, 孢子体, 杂交种

中图分类号:Q813.1

文献标识码:A

文章编号:10003142(2021)02030107

Abstract:Osmunda mildea is a recently formed natural hybrid species with a narrow distribution area. The number of the population is very small, and its sexual reproduction is extremely low.Using spores as explants, we investigated the effects of basic media (MS, 3/4 MS, 1/2 MS and 1/4 MS) and different plant growth regulators (PGRs) on spores germination, prothallium proliferation and sporophyte formation. The results were as follows: Extremely few fertile spores of O. mildea could germinate and develop into prothallus in effect of plant growth regulators; The optimal PGRs combinations of prothallus growth and proliferation were 1/2MS +1.0 mg·L1 6BA+0.05 mg·L1 NAA and 1/2MS +1.0 mg·L1 6BA+

0.5 mg·L1 IBA; In the 1/4MS with no PGR medium, prothallus were well developed with the proliferation, and the young sporophyte seedling formatted, the formation of scale was 83.49%; The best rooting PGR concentration for young sporophyte was MS+0.5 mg·L1 IBA; In loess∶river sand∶humus=1∶1∶3 cultivation matrix was the best, the survival rate was more than 98%, and the seedlings thrived. This study is great significance to the artificial breeding and conservation of O. mildea, and also provides reference to the artificial conservation of other endangered fern species.

Key words: Osmunda mildei, spore, prothallus, sporophyte, hybrid species

粤紫萁(Osmunda mildei)为紫萁科(Osmundaceae)紫萁属(Osmunda)植物,分布范围极其狭窄,最早仅在香港发现有分布(秦仁昌,1959;李添进等,2003),后多年在野外难觅其踪影。20世纪90年代末,陆续在广东省深圳市东部的笔架山、七娘山和田心山,江西省崇义县和湖南省通道县发现有粤紫萁分布(蒋日红等,2010;严岳鸿等,2011),虽然粤紫萁在多地被重新发现,但野外记录数量极少,到目前为止仅十多株。粤紫萁体细胞染色体核型的研究发现其具有明显的杂种特性(张寿洲等,2008),孢子母细胞减数分裂构型研究(何子燦等,2006)也证实了该种可能为属内组间远缘杂交种,基于rbcL 和trnLrnF序列构建的系统发育树支持粤紫萁是以华南紫萁(O. vachellii)为母本、紫萁(O. japonica)为父本的杂交种(勾彩云等,2008)。……

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